Öz
Dünya, her geçen gün daha küresel bir hal almaktadır. 1990’lı yıllarda popülerleşen küreselleşme bazı görüşlere göre ekonomik krizlerden çevresel bozulmalara kadar pek çok sorunun kaynağı iken, bazılarına göre ise tüm fırsatların temeli olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çalışmada bu alandaki tartışmalara katkı sağlamak için seçilmiş 34 gelişmekte olan ülkede ekonomik, sosyal ve politik boyutlarıyla küreselleşmenin ekonomik kalkınmaya etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 1990-2018 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak statik panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ampirik analiz kapsamında F ve LR testi katsayı tahmininde klasik regresyon modelinin geçerli olmadığını göstermiş ve buna bağlı olarak yapılan hausman speksifikasyon testi sonucunda tesadüfi etkiler modelinin kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. Tahmin sonucunda, genel olarak küreselleşmenin ekonomik kalkınmada pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Alt boyutlar açısından elde edilen bulgular ise ekonomik ve politik küreselleşmenin ekonomik kalkınma üzerinde herhangi bir anlamlı etkiye sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte sosyal açıdan küreselleşmenin ekonomik kalkınmayı olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, ekonomik kalkınmaya ulaşmak amacıyla uygulanacak politikalarda küreselleşmenin yaratacağı etkilerin göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Küreselleşme Ekonomik Kalkınma Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Panel Veri Analizi
Kaynakça
- Asongu, S., & Nwachukwu, J. (2017). Globalization and Inclusive Human Development in Africa. Man and the Economy, 4(1).
- Becker, J., Elsayyad, M. & Fuest, C. (2012). Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf die Struktur der Besteuerung.
- Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Verein für Socialpolitik, 13(1-2), 4-18.
- Birleşmiş Milletler İnsani Gelişme Raporu (2020). http://hdr.undp.org/.
- Birleşmiş Milletler Ticaret ve Kalkınma İstatistikleri (2020). https://unctadstat.unctad.org.
- Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J. & Lee, J-W. (1998). How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth. Journal of International Economics, 45(1). 115-135.
- Carkovic, M. & Levine, R. (2002). Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Growth?. University of Minnesota.
- Clark, W. C. (2000). Environmental Globalization. Joseph S. Nye Jr. ve John D. Donahue (Eds.). Governance in a Globalization World in (86-108). Brookings Institution Press.
- Çelik, M. Y., & Erkan, H. (2010). Küreselleşme Kalkınma ilişkisi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26, 188-201.
- De Soysa, I. ve Vadlamannati, K. C. (2011). Does Being Bound Together Suffocate, or Liberate?: The Effects of Economic, Social, and Political Globalization on Human Rights, 1981-2005. Kyklos, 64(1), 20-53.
- Dollar, D. (1992). Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly: Evidence From 95 LDCs, 1976-1985. Economic Development and Cultural Chang,. 40(3), 523-544.
- Dollar, D. & Kraay, A. (2004). Trade, Growth, and Poverty. The Economic Journal, 114(493), 22-49.
- Dreher, A. (2006). Does Globalization Affect Growth?: Evidence From a New Index of Globalization. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1091-1110.
- Dündar, S. & Küçükkaya, H. (2019). Küreselleşme ve İktisadi Kalkınma İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi EUREFE’19 Özel Sayısı, 421-429.
- Dünya Bankası Dünya Kalkınma Göstergeleri (2020). https://data.worldbank.org/.
- Felbermayr, G. J. (2005). Dynamic Panel Data Evidence on The Trade-Income Relation. Review of World Economics, 141(4), 583-611.
- Frankel, J. A. & Romer, D. (1999). Does Trade Cause Growth?. The American Economic Review, 89(3), 379-399.
- Gaston, N. (2008). Understanding Australian Income Inequality: The Proper Role Played By Globalisation, Deunionisation and the Terms of Trade. Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, 15(1), 49-63.
- Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (1991). Trade, Knowledge Spillovers, and Growth. European Economic Review, 35(2-3), 517-526.
- Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (2015). Globalization and Growth. The American Economic Review, 105(5), 100-104.
- Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N. & Sturm, J. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – Revisited. The Review of International Organizations, 14(3), 543-574.
- Han, E. & Kaya, A. A. (2015). Kalkınma Ekonomisi: Teori ve Politika, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Heckscher, E. F. & Ohlin, B. (1991). Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory. The MIT Press.
- Hussain, A., Majeed, S., Muhammad, S. D., & Lal, I. (2010). Impact of globalization on HDI (Human Development Index): case study of Pakistan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 46.
- Leibrecht, M., Klien, M. & Onaran, O. (2011). Globalization, Welfare Regimes and SocialProtection Expenditures in Western and Eastern European Countries. Public Choice,148(3-4), 569-594.
- Li, Q. & Reuveny, R. (2003). Economic Globalization and Democracy: An Empirical Analysis. British Journal of Political Science, 33(1), 29-54.
- Lindregn, G. (2019). Globalized development: The effect of Economic Globalization on Human Development in Developing Countries, Essay for C-Seminar in Political Science at Umea University.
- Mah, J. S. (2002). The Impact of Globalization on Income Distribution: The Korean Experience. Applied Economics Letters, 9(15), 1007-1009.
- Meinhard, S. & Portrafke, N. (2012). The Globalization-Welfare State Nexus Reconsidered. Review of International Economics, 20(2), 271-287.
- Milanovic, B. (2003). The Two Faces of Globalization: Against Globalization as We Know It. World Development, 31(4), 667-683.
- Norris, P. (2000). Global Governance and Cosmopolitan Citizens. Joseph S. Nye Jr. ve John D. Donahue (Eds.). Governance in a Globalization World in (155-177). Brookings Institution Press.
- Onaran, O., Boesch, V. & Leibrecht, M. (2012). How Does Globalization Affect The Implicit Tax Rates on Labor Income, Capital Income, and Consumption in the European Union?. Economic Inquiry, 50(4), 880-904.
- Osterloh, S. (2012). Words Speak Louder Than Actions: The Impact of Politics on Economic Performance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 40(3), 318-336.
- Potrafke, N. (2015). The Evidence on Globalisation. The World Economy, 38(3), 509-552.
- Rodrik, D. (1995). Getting Intervetions Right: How South Korea and Taiwan Grew Rich. Economic Policy, 10(20), 53-107.
- Rodrik, D. (2009). Tek Ekonomi Çok Reçete, Efil Yayınevi.
- Sabi, M. (2007). Globalization and Human Development. In International Conference on Globalization and Its Discontents, Cortland, The Sage Colleges, USA.
- Samuelson, P. A. (1949). International Factor-Price Equalisation Once Again. The Economic Journal, 59(234), 181-197.
- Stolper, W. F. & Samuelson, P. A. (1941). Protection and Real Wages. The Review of Economic Studies, 9(1), 58-73.
- Taban, S. & Kar, M. (2016). Kalkınma Ekonomisi, Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları.
- Villaverde, J. & Maza, A. (2011). Globalization, Growth and Convergence. The World Economy, 34(6), 952-971.
- Çemrek, F. & Burhan, E. (2014). Petrol Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisinin Panel Veri Analizi ile İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 47-58.
- Çetin, M. & Ecevit, E. (2010). Sağlık Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Regresyon Analizi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 166-182.
- Gujaratı, D.N. & Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic Econometrics, Fifth Edition, New York, McGraw Hill Educations.
- Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification Tests In Econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of The Econometric Society, 1251-1271.
- Hill, R.C., Griffiths, William E. & Lim, G.C. (2011). Principles of Econometrics, Fourth Edition, United States of America, John Wiley & Sons.
- Verbeek, M. (2004). A Guide to Modern Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2.Edition, England, West Sussex.
Öz
The world has become even more global today. While globalization, which became popular in the 1990s, is the source of many problems from economic crises to environmental degradation in some points of view, it is accepted as the basis of all opportunities according to others. In order to contribute to the discussions in this field, this study investigates the effect of globalization on economic development in 34 selected developing countries. For this purpose, statical panel data analysis is carried out using annual data for the period 1990-2018. Within the scope of the empirical analysis, the F and LR tests showed that the classical regression model was not valid in coefficient estimation, and it was decided to use the random effects model with the hausman speciation test based on this. As a result of estimation, it has been seen that globalization in general has a positive role in economic development. The findings obtained in terms of sub-dimensions show that economic and political globalization do not have any significant effect on economic development. However, it has been determined that globalization in social terms has a positive effect on economic development. These findings reveal that the effects of globalization should be taken into account in policies to be implemented in order to achieve economic development.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Globalization Economic Development Developing Countries Panel Data Analysis
Kaynakça
- Asongu, S., & Nwachukwu, J. (2017). Globalization and Inclusive Human Development in Africa. Man and the Economy, 4(1).
- Becker, J., Elsayyad, M. & Fuest, C. (2012). Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf die Struktur der Besteuerung.
- Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Verein für Socialpolitik, 13(1-2), 4-18.
- Birleşmiş Milletler İnsani Gelişme Raporu (2020). http://hdr.undp.org/.
- Birleşmiş Milletler Ticaret ve Kalkınma İstatistikleri (2020). https://unctadstat.unctad.org.
- Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J. & Lee, J-W. (1998). How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth. Journal of International Economics, 45(1). 115-135.
- Carkovic, M. & Levine, R. (2002). Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Growth?. University of Minnesota.
- Clark, W. C. (2000). Environmental Globalization. Joseph S. Nye Jr. ve John D. Donahue (Eds.). Governance in a Globalization World in (86-108). Brookings Institution Press.
- Çelik, M. Y., & Erkan, H. (2010). Küreselleşme Kalkınma ilişkisi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26, 188-201.
- De Soysa, I. ve Vadlamannati, K. C. (2011). Does Being Bound Together Suffocate, or Liberate?: The Effects of Economic, Social, and Political Globalization on Human Rights, 1981-2005. Kyklos, 64(1), 20-53.
- Dollar, D. (1992). Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly: Evidence From 95 LDCs, 1976-1985. Economic Development and Cultural Chang,. 40(3), 523-544.
- Dollar, D. & Kraay, A. (2004). Trade, Growth, and Poverty. The Economic Journal, 114(493), 22-49.
- Dreher, A. (2006). Does Globalization Affect Growth?: Evidence From a New Index of Globalization. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1091-1110.
- Dündar, S. & Küçükkaya, H. (2019). Küreselleşme ve İktisadi Kalkınma İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi EUREFE’19 Özel Sayısı, 421-429.
- Dünya Bankası Dünya Kalkınma Göstergeleri (2020). https://data.worldbank.org/.
- Felbermayr, G. J. (2005). Dynamic Panel Data Evidence on The Trade-Income Relation. Review of World Economics, 141(4), 583-611.
- Frankel, J. A. & Romer, D. (1999). Does Trade Cause Growth?. The American Economic Review, 89(3), 379-399.
- Gaston, N. (2008). Understanding Australian Income Inequality: The Proper Role Played By Globalisation, Deunionisation and the Terms of Trade. Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, 15(1), 49-63.
- Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (1991). Trade, Knowledge Spillovers, and Growth. European Economic Review, 35(2-3), 517-526.
- Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (2015). Globalization and Growth. The American Economic Review, 105(5), 100-104.
- Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N. & Sturm, J. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – Revisited. The Review of International Organizations, 14(3), 543-574.
- Han, E. & Kaya, A. A. (2015). Kalkınma Ekonomisi: Teori ve Politika, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Heckscher, E. F. & Ohlin, B. (1991). Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory. The MIT Press.
- Hussain, A., Majeed, S., Muhammad, S. D., & Lal, I. (2010). Impact of globalization on HDI (Human Development Index): case study of Pakistan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 46.
- Leibrecht, M., Klien, M. & Onaran, O. (2011). Globalization, Welfare Regimes and SocialProtection Expenditures in Western and Eastern European Countries. Public Choice,148(3-4), 569-594.
- Li, Q. & Reuveny, R. (2003). Economic Globalization and Democracy: An Empirical Analysis. British Journal of Political Science, 33(1), 29-54.
- Lindregn, G. (2019). Globalized development: The effect of Economic Globalization on Human Development in Developing Countries, Essay for C-Seminar in Political Science at Umea University.
- Mah, J. S. (2002). The Impact of Globalization on Income Distribution: The Korean Experience. Applied Economics Letters, 9(15), 1007-1009.
- Meinhard, S. & Portrafke, N. (2012). The Globalization-Welfare State Nexus Reconsidered. Review of International Economics, 20(2), 271-287.
- Milanovic, B. (2003). The Two Faces of Globalization: Against Globalization as We Know It. World Development, 31(4), 667-683.
- Norris, P. (2000). Global Governance and Cosmopolitan Citizens. Joseph S. Nye Jr. ve John D. Donahue (Eds.). Governance in a Globalization World in (155-177). Brookings Institution Press.
- Onaran, O., Boesch, V. & Leibrecht, M. (2012). How Does Globalization Affect The Implicit Tax Rates on Labor Income, Capital Income, and Consumption in the European Union?. Economic Inquiry, 50(4), 880-904.
- Osterloh, S. (2012). Words Speak Louder Than Actions: The Impact of Politics on Economic Performance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 40(3), 318-336.
- Potrafke, N. (2015). The Evidence on Globalisation. The World Economy, 38(3), 509-552.
- Rodrik, D. (1995). Getting Intervetions Right: How South Korea and Taiwan Grew Rich. Economic Policy, 10(20), 53-107.
- Rodrik, D. (2009). Tek Ekonomi Çok Reçete, Efil Yayınevi.
- Sabi, M. (2007). Globalization and Human Development. In International Conference on Globalization and Its Discontents, Cortland, The Sage Colleges, USA.
- Samuelson, P. A. (1949). International Factor-Price Equalisation Once Again. The Economic Journal, 59(234), 181-197.
- Stolper, W. F. & Samuelson, P. A. (1941). Protection and Real Wages. The Review of Economic Studies, 9(1), 58-73.
- Taban, S. & Kar, M. (2016). Kalkınma Ekonomisi, Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları.
- Villaverde, J. & Maza, A. (2011). Globalization, Growth and Convergence. The World Economy, 34(6), 952-971.
- Çemrek, F. & Burhan, E. (2014). Petrol Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisinin Panel Veri Analizi ile İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 47-58.
- Çetin, M. & Ecevit, E. (2010). Sağlık Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Regresyon Analizi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 166-182.
- Gujaratı, D.N. & Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic Econometrics, Fifth Edition, New York, McGraw Hill Educations.
- Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification Tests In Econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of The Econometric Society, 1251-1271.
- Hill, R.C., Griffiths, William E. & Lim, G.C. (2011). Principles of Econometrics, Fourth Edition, United States of America, John Wiley & Sons.
- Verbeek, M. (2004). A Guide to Modern Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2.Edition, England, West Sussex.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4 |
