Yıl 2012,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 73 - 84, 31.01.2012
Öz
Çalışmada Afganistan toplumunun etnik yapısı incelenmektedir. Afganistan’ın etnik yapısıyla ilgili pek çok çalışma yapılmış olsa da, halihazırda eldeki bilgiler oldukça çelişkilidir. Bunun başlıca iki nedeni vardır. Öncelikle ne geçmiş yıllarda Afgan hükümetlerinin bu konuda kapsamlı bir çalışması vardır, ne de ülkede yaşanan işgal ve sonrasındaki iç savaştan dolayı bir çalışma yapılabilmiştir. Ayrıca etnik gruplar arasındaki sınırlarda da bazı belirsizlikler vardır ki, bu da bu alanda yapılabilecek olası bir araştırmayı da zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Afganistan’daki etnik gruplar ve bunların aralarındaki ilişkiler ele alınmakta, etnik gruplar arası sınırların belirsizliği tartışılmakta ve eldeki verilerin ışığında bunların ülkenin genel nüfusuna oranları tahmin edilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ADAMEC, W. Ludwig. (1991). Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan. London: The Scarecrow Press.
- AHADI, Anwar-ul Haq. (1991). Conflict in Post-Soviet-0ccupation Afghanistan. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 21 (4), (s:513-528).
- BLOOD, R. Peter. (1997). Library Of Congress Country Studies Afghanistan Profile. U.S.A.: Library of Congress. 19 Ağustos 2002 tarihinde http:// lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/afghanistan/afghanistan.html adresinden erişildi.
- CANFIELD, L. Robert. (1972). Hazara Integration into the Afghan Nation. Some Changing Relations Between Hazara and Afghan Officials. Occasional paper, New York: The Afghanistan Council.
- CANFIELD, L. Robert. (1989). Afghanistan – The Trajectory of Internal Alignments. Middle East Journal, 43 (4), (s:635-648).
- CONNOR, M. Kerry. (1988). Pationales for the Movement of Refugees to Peshawar. Afghan Resistance, the Politics of Survival içinde (s:151-190). Lahore: Vanguard Books.
- DAFTARY, Farhad. (1990). The Ismailis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- DURSUN, Gülfem. (1998/1999, Sonbahar Kış). Afganistan’ın Etnik Kimliği. Avrasya Dosyası, 4 (3/4), (s:48-57).
- EMADI, H. (1990). State, Revolution, and Superpowers in Afghanistan. U.S.A.: Greenwood Press.
- EMADI, Hafizullah. (1993). Minority Group Politics: The Role of Ismailis in Afghanistan’s Politics. Central Asian Survey, 12 (3), (s:379-392).
- EMADI, Hafizullah. (1997). The Hazaras and Their Role in the Process of Political Transformation in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey, 16 (3), (s:363-387).
- FRANZIUS, Enno. (1969). History of the Order of Assassins. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
- GLATZER, Bernt. (1998). Afghanistan: Ethnic and Tribal Disintegration?. W. Maley (Ed.), Fundamentalism Reborn içinde (s:167-181). London: C. Hurst & Co.
- HARPVIKEN, K. Berg. (1997). Trascending Traditionalism – The Emergence of Non-State Military Formations in Afghanistan. Journal of Peace Research, 34 (3), (s:271-287).
- HUDGSON, G. S. Marshall. (1955). The Order of Assassins: The Struggle of the Early Nizari Ismaili Against the Islamic World. The Hague: Mouton and Co. Publishers.
- IVANOV, V. Alekseevich. (1933). A Guide to Ismaili Literature. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
- JACKSON, Robert. (1990). Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Third World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- KLIMBURG, M. (1999). The Kafirs of the Hinhu Kush. Art and Society of the Waigal and Ashkun Kafirs. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
- KLIMBURG, Max. (2001). The Situation in Nuristan. Central Asian Survey, 20 (3), (s:383-390).
- KOPECKY, L. Michael. (1982). The Imami Sayyed of the Hazarajat: The Maintenance of Their Elite Position. Volk, 24, (s:89-110).
- LEWIS, Bernard. (1940). The Origins of Ismailism: A Study of the Historical Background of the Fatimid Caliphate. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons Ltd.
- MAGNUS, H. Ralph. ve NABY, E. (1998) Afghanistan: Mullah, Marx, and Mujahid, U.S.A.: Westview Press.
- MALEY, William. (1997). The Dynamics of Regime Transition in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey, 16 (2), (s:167-184).
- Ministry of State and Frontier Regions, Government of Pakistan ve The UN Refugee Agency. (2005). Census of Afghans in Pakistan. 30 Kasım 2008 tarihinde http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendoc.pdf?tbl= SUBSITES&id=434fdc702 adresinden erişildi.
- NYROP, F. Richard ve SEEKINGS, M. Donald. (1986). Afghanistan a Country Study, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- OĞUZ, Esedullah. (2001). Hedef Ülke Afganistan. Türkiye: Doğan Ofset AŞ.
- POULLADA, Leon. (1970). The Pashtun Role in the Afghan Political System. New York: The Afghan Council of the Asia Society.
- ROSENAU, N. James. (1992) Governance Without Government: Order, and the Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- SHALINSKY, Audrey. (1982/1983). Islam and Ethnicity: The Northern Afghanistan Perspective. Central Asian Survey, 1 (2), (s:71-85).
- SHALINSKY, Audrey. (1993). Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Lanhan: University Press of America.
- SORENSEN, Georg. (1993). Democracy, and Democratization: Process and Prospects in a Changing World. Boulder: Westview Press.
Yıl 2012,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 73 - 84, 31.01.2012
Öz
are plenty of works on this subject, the present knowledge is contradictory. There are two main reasons of this contradiction. First of all, former there is not a comprehensive study of former Afghan governments. The invasion and civil war also prevented such a study either. Besides, there are some uncertainities between the borders of these ethnic groups. This uncertainity also creates difficulties for a probable study. This study presents the ethnic groups and their relations among each other, tends to explain the uncertainities between the borders of these groups, and tries to estimate their population ratios by the current knowledge
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ADAMEC, W. Ludwig. (1991). Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan. London: The Scarecrow Press.
- AHADI, Anwar-ul Haq. (1991). Conflict in Post-Soviet-0ccupation Afghanistan. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 21 (4), (s:513-528).
- BLOOD, R. Peter. (1997). Library Of Congress Country Studies Afghanistan Profile. U.S.A.: Library of Congress. 19 Ağustos 2002 tarihinde http:// lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/afghanistan/afghanistan.html adresinden erişildi.
- CANFIELD, L. Robert. (1972). Hazara Integration into the Afghan Nation. Some Changing Relations Between Hazara and Afghan Officials. Occasional paper, New York: The Afghanistan Council.
- CANFIELD, L. Robert. (1989). Afghanistan – The Trajectory of Internal Alignments. Middle East Journal, 43 (4), (s:635-648).
- CONNOR, M. Kerry. (1988). Pationales for the Movement of Refugees to Peshawar. Afghan Resistance, the Politics of Survival içinde (s:151-190). Lahore: Vanguard Books.
- DAFTARY, Farhad. (1990). The Ismailis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- DURSUN, Gülfem. (1998/1999, Sonbahar Kış). Afganistan’ın Etnik Kimliği. Avrasya Dosyası, 4 (3/4), (s:48-57).
- EMADI, H. (1990). State, Revolution, and Superpowers in Afghanistan. U.S.A.: Greenwood Press.
- EMADI, Hafizullah. (1993). Minority Group Politics: The Role of Ismailis in Afghanistan’s Politics. Central Asian Survey, 12 (3), (s:379-392).
- EMADI, Hafizullah. (1997). The Hazaras and Their Role in the Process of Political Transformation in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey, 16 (3), (s:363-387).
- FRANZIUS, Enno. (1969). History of the Order of Assassins. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
- GLATZER, Bernt. (1998). Afghanistan: Ethnic and Tribal Disintegration?. W. Maley (Ed.), Fundamentalism Reborn içinde (s:167-181). London: C. Hurst & Co.
- HARPVIKEN, K. Berg. (1997). Trascending Traditionalism – The Emergence of Non-State Military Formations in Afghanistan. Journal of Peace Research, 34 (3), (s:271-287).
- HUDGSON, G. S. Marshall. (1955). The Order of Assassins: The Struggle of the Early Nizari Ismaili Against the Islamic World. The Hague: Mouton and Co. Publishers.
- IVANOV, V. Alekseevich. (1933). A Guide to Ismaili Literature. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
- JACKSON, Robert. (1990). Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Third World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- KLIMBURG, M. (1999). The Kafirs of the Hinhu Kush. Art and Society of the Waigal and Ashkun Kafirs. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
- KLIMBURG, Max. (2001). The Situation in Nuristan. Central Asian Survey, 20 (3), (s:383-390).
- KOPECKY, L. Michael. (1982). The Imami Sayyed of the Hazarajat: The Maintenance of Their Elite Position. Volk, 24, (s:89-110).
- LEWIS, Bernard. (1940). The Origins of Ismailism: A Study of the Historical Background of the Fatimid Caliphate. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons Ltd.
- MAGNUS, H. Ralph. ve NABY, E. (1998) Afghanistan: Mullah, Marx, and Mujahid, U.S.A.: Westview Press.
- MALEY, William. (1997). The Dynamics of Regime Transition in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey, 16 (2), (s:167-184).
- Ministry of State and Frontier Regions, Government of Pakistan ve The UN Refugee Agency. (2005). Census of Afghans in Pakistan. 30 Kasım 2008 tarihinde http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendoc.pdf?tbl= SUBSITES&id=434fdc702 adresinden erişildi.
- NYROP, F. Richard ve SEEKINGS, M. Donald. (1986). Afghanistan a Country Study, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- OĞUZ, Esedullah. (2001). Hedef Ülke Afganistan. Türkiye: Doğan Ofset AŞ.
- POULLADA, Leon. (1970). The Pashtun Role in the Afghan Political System. New York: The Afghan Council of the Asia Society.
- ROSENAU, N. James. (1992) Governance Without Government: Order, and the Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- SHALINSKY, Audrey. (1982/1983). Islam and Ethnicity: The Northern Afghanistan Perspective. Central Asian Survey, 1 (2), (s:71-85).
- SHALINSKY, Audrey. (1993). Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Lanhan: University Press of America.
- SORENSEN, Georg. (1993). Democracy, and Democratization: Process and Prospects in a Changing World. Boulder: Westview Press.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Diğer ID | JA44AF74GF |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Derleme Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ocak 2012 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2012Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 |
