Öz
İki taraflı piyasalar, platform olarak isimlendirilen firmalar aracılığıyla talep yapıları birbirinden farklı ve aralarında dolaylı ağ etkileri bulunan birden fazla farklı guruba eşanlı olarak hizmetin verildiği piyasalardır. Bu piyasaların çok yönlü yapısı, taraflar arasındaki dolaylı ağ etkileri ve fiyat yapısının işlem hacmi üzerindeki etkisi gibi özellikleri geleneksel piyasalar için geçerli olan birçok kabulün yeniden tartışılmasını ve değerlendirilmesini gerektirmiştir. Dolayısıyla iki taraflı piyasaların analiz ve değerlendirilmelerinde bu piyasaların kendine has karakteristiğini dikkate alarak yeni yol ve yöntemlerin tercih edilmesi ve/veya geleneksel yaklaşımların uyarlanarak kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu noktada bu çalışma iki taraflı piyasalarda rekabet politikasının öne çıkan başlıklarından birisi olarak piyasa gücü konusunu literatürdeki son gelişmelerle ele almakta ve geleneksel yaklaşımdan farklılaşan özelliklerini tartışmaktadır. Çalışma amacı doğrultusunda dolaylı ağ etkileri, ölçek ekonomileri ve kullanım şekilleri gibi iki taraflı piyasalarda piyasa gücünün kaynaklarını ve pazar payları, Lerner Endeksi ve karlılık gibi iki taraflı piyasalarda piyasa gücünün göstergelerini detaylı olarak incelemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İki Taraflı Piyasalar Piyasa Gücü Dolaylı Ağ Etkileri Çoklu Kullanım Ölçek Ekonomileri
Kaynakça
- Alexandrov, A., Deltas, G., & Spulber, D. (2011). Antitrust and competition in two-sided markets. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 7(4), 775-812.
- Anderson, S., Foros, O. & Kind, H. J. (2019). The ımportance of consumer multihoming (joint purchases) for market performance: mergers and entry in media markets. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 28(1), 125-137.
- Armstrong, M. (2006). Competition in two-sided markets. Rand Journal of Economics, 37, 668-691.
- Baumol, W. & Blinder, A. (2011). Economics: Principles and policy. 12th Edition, Mason: SouthWestern College Publishing.
- Belleflamme, P. & Peitz, M. (2015). Industrial organization: markets and strategies. 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Belleflamme, P. & Peitz, M. (2018). Platforms and network effects, In Corchon, L. & Marco, M. (Ed.), Handbook of game theory and ındustrial organization Vol. II (286-317), Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Belleflamme, P. & Peitz, M. (2019). Platform competition: Who benefits from multihoming?. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 64, 1-26.
- BKartA (2016). Market power of platforms and networks. Working Paper June 2016 B6-113/15, Bundeskartellamt.
- Bolt, W. & Tieman, A. F. (2008). Heavily skewed pricing in two-sided markets. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26, 1250-1255.
- Bruno J. & Wilfried, S. (2020). The economics of platforms: A theory guide for competition policy. CESifo Working Paper Series, n:8463.
- Church J. & Ware, R. (2000). Industrial organization: A strategic approach. New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill.
- Collyer, K., Mullan, H. & Timan, N. (2017). Measuring market power in multi-sided markets. Competition Policy International Antitrust Chronicle, 35/FINAL, JT03422941, 1-16.
- Dennis, W. & Soheil, N. (2019). A note on price regulation in two-sided markets. Economics Bulletin, 39(4), 2766-2777.
- Evans, D. & Schmalensee, R. (2007). The industrial organization of markets with two-sided platforms. Competition Policy International, 3, 151-179.
- Evans, D. (2003). The antitrust economics of multi-sided platform markets. Yale Journal on Regulation, 20, 325-381.
- Filistrucchi, L. (2018). Market definition in multi-sided markets. OECD, Rethinking Antitrust Tools for Multi-Sided Platforms, 37-51.
- Filistrucchi, L., Geradin, D., Damme, E. & Affeldt P. (2014). Market definition in twosided markets: Theory and practice. Journal of Competition Law & Practice, 10, 293–339.
- Franck, J. & Peitz, M. (2019). Market definition and market power in the platform economy. Report for CERRE (Centre on Regulation in Europe). Retrieved from https://www.cerre.eu/sites/cerre/files/2019_cerre_market_definition_market_power_platform_economy.pdf
- Hagiu, A. & Wright, J. (2015). Multi-sided platforms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 43, 162-174.
- Kar, M. (2021). İktisat teorisinde iki taraflı piyasalar. Research of Financial Economic and Social Studies, 6(4), 581-592.
- Kirpalani R. & Philippon T. (2020). Data sharing and market power with two-sided platforms. NBER Working Paper, No. w28023.
- OECD (2018). Rethinking antitrust tools for multi-sided platforms, Retrieved from www.oecd.org/competition/rethinking-antitrust-tools-for-multi-sided-platforms.htm
- Rochet, J. & Tirole J. (2003). Platform competition in two-sided markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1, 990-1024.
- Sanchez-Cartas, J. M. & Leon G. (2021). Multisided platforms and markets: A survey of the theoretical literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 35, 452-487.
- Weyl, E. G. (2010). A price theory of multi-sided platforms. The American Economic Review, 100(4), 1642-1672.
Öz
Two-sided markets are markets where services are provided simultaneously to more than one different group with different demand structures and indirect network effects between them, through companies called platforms. The multisided nature of these markets, the indirect network effects between the groups, and the effects of the price structure on the transaction volume necessitated the re-discussion and re-evaluation of many assumptions valid for traditional markets. So, in the analysis and evaluation of two-sided markets, taking into account the unique characteristics of these markets, new ways and methods should be preferred, and/or traditional approaches should be used by adapting them. At this point, this study deals with the issue of market power, as one of the prominent topics of competition policy, for two-sided markets with the latest developments in the literature and discusses its differentiating features from traditional approaches. For the purpose of the study, it examines the sources of market power in two-sided markets such as indirect network effects, economies of scale and usage patterns, and market power indicators such as market shares, Lerner Index, and profitability.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Two-Sided Markets Market Power Multihoming Indirect Network Effects Economies of Scale
Kaynakça
- Alexandrov, A., Deltas, G., & Spulber, D. (2011). Antitrust and competition in two-sided markets. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 7(4), 775-812.
- Anderson, S., Foros, O. & Kind, H. J. (2019). The ımportance of consumer multihoming (joint purchases) for market performance: mergers and entry in media markets. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 28(1), 125-137.
- Armstrong, M. (2006). Competition in two-sided markets. Rand Journal of Economics, 37, 668-691.
- Baumol, W. & Blinder, A. (2011). Economics: Principles and policy. 12th Edition, Mason: SouthWestern College Publishing.
- Belleflamme, P. & Peitz, M. (2015). Industrial organization: markets and strategies. 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Belleflamme, P. & Peitz, M. (2018). Platforms and network effects, In Corchon, L. & Marco, M. (Ed.), Handbook of game theory and ındustrial organization Vol. II (286-317), Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Belleflamme, P. & Peitz, M. (2019). Platform competition: Who benefits from multihoming?. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 64, 1-26.
- BKartA (2016). Market power of platforms and networks. Working Paper June 2016 B6-113/15, Bundeskartellamt.
- Bolt, W. & Tieman, A. F. (2008). Heavily skewed pricing in two-sided markets. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26, 1250-1255.
- Bruno J. & Wilfried, S. (2020). The economics of platforms: A theory guide for competition policy. CESifo Working Paper Series, n:8463.
- Church J. & Ware, R. (2000). Industrial organization: A strategic approach. New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill.
- Collyer, K., Mullan, H. & Timan, N. (2017). Measuring market power in multi-sided markets. Competition Policy International Antitrust Chronicle, 35/FINAL, JT03422941, 1-16.
- Dennis, W. & Soheil, N. (2019). A note on price regulation in two-sided markets. Economics Bulletin, 39(4), 2766-2777.
- Evans, D. & Schmalensee, R. (2007). The industrial organization of markets with two-sided platforms. Competition Policy International, 3, 151-179.
- Evans, D. (2003). The antitrust economics of multi-sided platform markets. Yale Journal on Regulation, 20, 325-381.
- Filistrucchi, L. (2018). Market definition in multi-sided markets. OECD, Rethinking Antitrust Tools for Multi-Sided Platforms, 37-51.
- Filistrucchi, L., Geradin, D., Damme, E. & Affeldt P. (2014). Market definition in twosided markets: Theory and practice. Journal of Competition Law & Practice, 10, 293–339.
- Franck, J. & Peitz, M. (2019). Market definition and market power in the platform economy. Report for CERRE (Centre on Regulation in Europe). Retrieved from https://www.cerre.eu/sites/cerre/files/2019_cerre_market_definition_market_power_platform_economy.pdf
- Hagiu, A. & Wright, J. (2015). Multi-sided platforms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 43, 162-174.
- Kar, M. (2021). İktisat teorisinde iki taraflı piyasalar. Research of Financial Economic and Social Studies, 6(4), 581-592.
- Kirpalani R. & Philippon T. (2020). Data sharing and market power with two-sided platforms. NBER Working Paper, No. w28023.
- OECD (2018). Rethinking antitrust tools for multi-sided platforms, Retrieved from www.oecd.org/competition/rethinking-antitrust-tools-for-multi-sided-platforms.htm
- Rochet, J. & Tirole J. (2003). Platform competition in two-sided markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1, 990-1024.
- Sanchez-Cartas, J. M. & Leon G. (2021). Multisided platforms and markets: A survey of the theoretical literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 35, 452-487.
- Weyl, E. G. (2010). A price theory of multi-sided platforms. The American Economic Review, 100(4), 1642-1672.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |