Rethinking the Transition to Democracy in the Cases of Military Rule, Religion and Economic Development
Abstract
Studies of democratization have developed and have become increasingly more sophisticated across the past 20 years as a result of new datasets being completed and shared. Scholars have written widely on the subject and have offered explanations of transitions to democracy, but some of these explanations are incoherent with others. This paper offers a discussion of a variety of conditions which provide fertile soil for transitions to democracy, ranging from military rule and religion to economic development. Addressing this contestation, the paper argues that there is no single explanation for the transition to democracy and that it requires very sophisticated thinking to determine the conditions for democratization.
References
- Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J.A. (2006). Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Barany, Z.D. (2015). Exits from Military Rule: Lessons for Burma. Journal of Democracy. 26(2), 86-100.
- Boix, C. (2011). Democracy, Development, and the International System. American Political Science Review. 105(4), 809-828.
- Bunce, V. (2000). Comparative democratization – Big and bounded generalizations. Comparative Political Studies. 33(6-7), 703-734.
- Bunce, V. (2003). Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience. World Politics. 55(2), 167-192.
- Chaturvedi, N.S,. & Montoya, O. (2013). Democracy, Oil or Religion? Expanding women’s rights in the muslim world. Politics and Religion. 6(3), 596-617.
- Diamond, L. (2010). Why Are There No Arab Democracies?. Journal of Democracy. 21(1), 93-104.
- el-Huesseini, R. (2016). Is gender the barrier to democracy? Women, Islam and the ‘Arab spring’. Contemporary Islam. 10(1), 53-66.
- Fish, M.S. (2002). Islam and Authoritarianism. World Politics. 55(1), 4-37.
- Frank, E., & Ukpere, W. (2012). The Impact of Military Rule on Democracy in Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences. 33(3), 285-292.
- Geddes, B. (1999). What do we know about democratization after twenty years?. Annual Review of Political Science. 2, 115-144.
- Geddes, B. (2007). What causes democratization?. In C. Boix & Stokes, S. C. Stokes (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of comparative politics (pp. 317-339). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Grugel, J., & Bishop, M.L. (2014) Democratization: a critical introduction. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan. Second Edition.
- Hadenius, A., & Teorel, J. (2007). Pathways from Authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy. 18(1), 143-157.
- Karatnycky, A. (2002). Muslim Countries and the Democracy Gap. Journal of Democracy. 13(1), 99-112.
- Lipset, S.M. (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development And Political Legitimacy. The American Political Science Review. 53(1), 69-105.
- Lipset, S.M. (1994). The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited: 1993 Presidential Address. American Sociological Review. 59(1), 1-22.
- Przeworski, A., & Limongi, N. (1997). Modernization: Theories and Facts. World Politics. 49(2), 155-183.
- Ross, M.L. (2008). Oil, Islam and Women. American Political Science Review. 102(1), 107-123.
- Ross, M.L. (2009). Does Oil Wealth Hurt Women? A Reply to Caraway, Charrad, Kang and Norris. Politics & Gender. 5(4), 575-582.
- Said, A. (2012). The Paradox of Transition to ‘Democracy’ under military rule. Social Research. 79(2), 397-434.
- Tocqueville, A. D. (1998). Democratization in America. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordworth Editions.
Abstract
Yeni veri setlerinin tamamlanması ve paylaşılmasıyla birlikte özellikle son 20 yılda demokratikleşme çalışmaları gelişti ve giderek daha da karmaşık bir hal almaya başladı. Siyaset bilimciler konuyla ilgili geniş çapta yazılar kaleme almakta ve demokratikleşme sürecine ilişkin çeşitli teorik temellendirmeler geliştirilmektedir, ancak bu temellendirmelerin bazıları birbiriyle çelişir niteliktedir. Bu çalışma, askeri yönetim, din faktörü ve ekonomik kalkınma bağlamında demokratikleşmeye zemin hazırlayan veya demokratikleşmeyle ilişkilendirilen bu koşulların teorik bazda tartışmasını sunmaktadır. Çalışmada ayrıca, demokrasiye geçiş için tek bir açıklamanın yeterli olmadığı ve demokratikleşme için asgari olan şartların neler olduğunu belirlemek için çok karmaşık bir düşüncenin gerekli olduğu ileri sürülmektedir.
References
- Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J.A. (2006). Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Barany, Z.D. (2015). Exits from Military Rule: Lessons for Burma. Journal of Democracy. 26(2), 86-100.
- Boix, C. (2011). Democracy, Development, and the International System. American Political Science Review. 105(4), 809-828.
- Bunce, V. (2000). Comparative democratization – Big and bounded generalizations. Comparative Political Studies. 33(6-7), 703-734.
- Bunce, V. (2003). Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience. World Politics. 55(2), 167-192.
- Chaturvedi, N.S,. & Montoya, O. (2013). Democracy, Oil or Religion? Expanding women’s rights in the muslim world. Politics and Religion. 6(3), 596-617.
- Diamond, L. (2010). Why Are There No Arab Democracies?. Journal of Democracy. 21(1), 93-104.
- el-Huesseini, R. (2016). Is gender the barrier to democracy? Women, Islam and the ‘Arab spring’. Contemporary Islam. 10(1), 53-66.
- Fish, M.S. (2002). Islam and Authoritarianism. World Politics. 55(1), 4-37.
- Frank, E., & Ukpere, W. (2012). The Impact of Military Rule on Democracy in Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences. 33(3), 285-292.
- Geddes, B. (1999). What do we know about democratization after twenty years?. Annual Review of Political Science. 2, 115-144.
- Geddes, B. (2007). What causes democratization?. In C. Boix & Stokes, S. C. Stokes (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of comparative politics (pp. 317-339). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Grugel, J., & Bishop, M.L. (2014) Democratization: a critical introduction. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan. Second Edition.
- Hadenius, A., & Teorel, J. (2007). Pathways from Authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy. 18(1), 143-157.
- Karatnycky, A. (2002). Muslim Countries and the Democracy Gap. Journal of Democracy. 13(1), 99-112.
- Lipset, S.M. (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development And Political Legitimacy. The American Political Science Review. 53(1), 69-105.
- Lipset, S.M. (1994). The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited: 1993 Presidential Address. American Sociological Review. 59(1), 1-22.
- Przeworski, A., & Limongi, N. (1997). Modernization: Theories and Facts. World Politics. 49(2), 155-183.
- Ross, M.L. (2008). Oil, Islam and Women. American Political Science Review. 102(1), 107-123.
- Ross, M.L. (2009). Does Oil Wealth Hurt Women? A Reply to Caraway, Charrad, Kang and Norris. Politics & Gender. 5(4), 575-582.
- Said, A. (2012). The Paradox of Transition to ‘Democracy’ under military rule. Social Research. 79(2), 397-434.
- Tocqueville, A. D. (1998). Democratization in America. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordworth Editions.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Political Science |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 20, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |