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A Study into the Relationship Between Whistleblowing, Organizational Commitment and Personal Ethical Values: Hirschman’s Exit, Voice and Loyalty in Tourism

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 24 - 40, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.1165203

Öz

Presently, unethical practices are a major concern in almost every sector. Among these industries is tourism. Requiring large expenditure of labor in particular is one of the causes underlying frequently observed unethical practices. The efforts to prevent such issues are of the utmost value for the sector’s long range sustainability, productivity, and economic contributions. The aim of this study is to discuss the results of the tourism employees with ethical values and high organizational commitment to disclose or not to disclose unethical practices in the enterprise within the framework of Hirschman's Exit, Voice and Loyalty theory and to enhance the understanding the consequences of whistleblowing. Under normal circumstances, an employee with serious ethical concerns and strong organizational commitment is expected not to remain silent about any unethical behavior. However, individuals are not frequently taken actions. From time to time, an employee may choose to take no action and ignore unethical behaviors. They may think that these misconducts will disappear or leave the organization in the belief that nothing in the organization will change nor will be as it should be. In this sense, in the study, the relationship between whistleblowing, personal ethical values and organizational commitment has been conceptually discussed and evaluated in terms of the tourism industry within the framework of Hirschman's Theory.

Kaynakça

  • Alleyne, P. (2016). The influence of Organisational Commitment and Corporate Ethical Values on Non-Public Accountants’ Whistle-Blowing Intentions in Barbados. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 190-210.
  • Ameer, I., & Halinen, A. (2019). Moving Beyond Ethical Decision-Making: A Practice-Based View to Study Unethical Sales Behavior. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 103-122.
  • Avcı, N., & Küçükusta, D. (2009). Konaklama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Öğrenme, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 33-44.
  • Baker, T. L., Hunt, T. G., & Andrews, M. C. (2006). Promoting Ethical Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Influence of Corporate Ethical Values. Journal of Business Research, 849-857.
  • Bashir, S., Khattak, H. R., Hanif, A., & Chohan, S. N. (2011). Whistle-Blowing in Public Sector Organizations: Evidence From Pakistan. The American Review of Public Administration, 285-296.
  • Biron, M. (2010). Negative Reciprocity and the Association between Perceived Organizational Ethical Values and Organizational Deviance . Human Relations, 875-897.
  • Blau, A. (2009). Hobbes on Corruption. History of Political Thought, 596-616.
  • Bock, T. D., Vermeir, I., & Kenhove, P. V. (2013). What's the Harm in Being Unethical? These Strangers are Rich Anyway!" Exploring Underlying Factors of Double Standards. Journal of Business Ethics, 225-240.
  • Campbell, J.-L., & Göritz, A. S. (2014). Culture Corrupts! A Qualitative Study of Organizational Culture in Corrupt Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 291-311.
  • Carbone, M. (2005). Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries: Poverty Alleviation, Participatory Planning, and Ethical Issues. The European Journal of Development Research, 559-565.
  • Chen, C.-P., & Lai, C.-T. (2014). To Blow or not to Blow the Whistle: The Effects of Potential Harm, Social Pressure and Organisational Commitment on Whistleblowing Intention and Behavior. Business Ethics: A European Review, 327-342.
  • Chiu, R. K. (2003). Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing Intention: Examining the Moderating Role of Locus of Control. Journal of Business Ethics, 65-74.
  • Cohen, A. (2009). A Value Based Perspective on Commitment in the Workplace: An Examination of Schwartz’s Basic Human Values Theory Among Bank Employees in Israel. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 332-345.
  • Culiberg, B., & Mihelic, K. K. (2017). The Evolution of Whistleblowing Studies: A Critical Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 787-803.
  • Das, J., & Dirienzo, C. (2016). Tourism Competitiveness and Corruption: A Cross-country Analysis. Tourism Economics, 477-492.
  • Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2014). The Complex Relation between morality and Empathy . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 337-339.
  • Demirtaş, Ö. (2014). İşyerlerinde Olumsuz Durumları İfşa Etmenin Etik İklim Üzerindeki Etkisi: Yıldırma Algısının Moderatör Rolü. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 136- 156.
  • Dewi, N. A., Sujana, E., & Wiguna, I. G. (2020). The Effect of Identity Protection and Financial Reward on Whistleblowing Intention in Public Sector Organization: Experimental Study. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 37-49.
  • Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service Quality and the Training of Employees: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Tourism Management, 419-430.
  • Dimitriou, C. K. (2017). The Quest for a Practical Approach to Morality and The Tourism Industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45-51.
  • Dobel, J. P. (1978). The Corruption of a State. The American Political Science Review, 958-973.
  • Doig, A., & Theobald, R. (1999). Introduction: Why corruption? Commonwealth Comparative Politics, 1-12.
  • Donyadide, A. (2010). Ethics in Tourism . European Journal of Social Sciences, 426-433.
  • Dungan, J., Waytz, A., & Young, L. (2014). Corruption in the Context of Moral Trade-offs. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 97-118.
  • Dworkin, T. M., & Near, J. P. (1997). A Better Statutory Approach to Whistle-Blowing. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1-16.
  • Enea, C. (2007). The Tourism Industry of Ethics and Tourism. Management and Marketing Craiova, 166-170.
  • Ergün, N. (2009). Örgütlerde Etik Dışı Davranışların Nedenleri ve Çalışanlara Yönelik Etik Dışı Davranışların Havayolu Taşımacılığı Sektörü Açısından İncelenmesi. İş, Güç, Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 149-168.
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  • Gildenhuys, J. S. H. (2004). Ethics and Professionalism: The Battle Against Public Corruption. Stellenbosch: Sun Press.
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A Study into the Relationship Between Whistleblowing, Organizational Commitment and Personal Ethical Values: Hirschman’s Exit, Voice and Loyalty in Tourism

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 24 - 40, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.1165203

Öz

Presently, unethical practices are a major concern in almost every sector. Among these industries is tourism. Requiring large expenditure of labor in particular is one of the causes underlying frequently observed unethical practices. The efforts to prevent such issues are of the utmost value for the sector’s long range sustainability, productivity, and economic contributions. The aim of this study is to discuss the results of the tourism employees with ethical values and high organizational commitment to disclose or not to disclose unethical practices in the enterprise within the framework of Hirschman's Exit, Voice and Loyalty theory and to enhance the understanding the consequences of whistleblowing. Under normal circumstances, an employee with serious ethical concerns and strong organizational commitment is expected not to remain silent about any unethical behavior. However, individuals are not frequently taken actions. From time to time, an employee may choose to take no action and ignore unethical behaviors. They may think that these misconducts will disappear or leave the organization in the belief that nothing in the organization will change nor will be as it should be. In this sense, in the study, the relationship between whistleblowing, personal ethical values and organizational commitment has been conceptually discussed and evaluated in terms of the tourism industry within the framework of Hirschman's Theory.

Kaynakça

  • Alleyne, P. (2016). The influence of Organisational Commitment and Corporate Ethical Values on Non-Public Accountants’ Whistle-Blowing Intentions in Barbados. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 190-210.
  • Ameer, I., & Halinen, A. (2019). Moving Beyond Ethical Decision-Making: A Practice-Based View to Study Unethical Sales Behavior. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 103-122.
  • Avcı, N., & Küçükusta, D. (2009). Konaklama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Öğrenme, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 33-44.
  • Baker, T. L., Hunt, T. G., & Andrews, M. C. (2006). Promoting Ethical Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Influence of Corporate Ethical Values. Journal of Business Research, 849-857.
  • Bashir, S., Khattak, H. R., Hanif, A., & Chohan, S. N. (2011). Whistle-Blowing in Public Sector Organizations: Evidence From Pakistan. The American Review of Public Administration, 285-296.
  • Biron, M. (2010). Negative Reciprocity and the Association between Perceived Organizational Ethical Values and Organizational Deviance . Human Relations, 875-897.
  • Blau, A. (2009). Hobbes on Corruption. History of Political Thought, 596-616.
  • Bock, T. D., Vermeir, I., & Kenhove, P. V. (2013). What's the Harm in Being Unethical? These Strangers are Rich Anyway!" Exploring Underlying Factors of Double Standards. Journal of Business Ethics, 225-240.
  • Campbell, J.-L., & Göritz, A. S. (2014). Culture Corrupts! A Qualitative Study of Organizational Culture in Corrupt Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 291-311.
  • Carbone, M. (2005). Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries: Poverty Alleviation, Participatory Planning, and Ethical Issues. The European Journal of Development Research, 559-565.
  • Chen, C.-P., & Lai, C.-T. (2014). To Blow or not to Blow the Whistle: The Effects of Potential Harm, Social Pressure and Organisational Commitment on Whistleblowing Intention and Behavior. Business Ethics: A European Review, 327-342.
  • Chiu, R. K. (2003). Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing Intention: Examining the Moderating Role of Locus of Control. Journal of Business Ethics, 65-74.
  • Cohen, A. (2009). A Value Based Perspective on Commitment in the Workplace: An Examination of Schwartz’s Basic Human Values Theory Among Bank Employees in Israel. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 332-345.
  • Culiberg, B., & Mihelic, K. K. (2017). The Evolution of Whistleblowing Studies: A Critical Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 787-803.
  • Das, J., & Dirienzo, C. (2016). Tourism Competitiveness and Corruption: A Cross-country Analysis. Tourism Economics, 477-492.
  • Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2014). The Complex Relation between morality and Empathy . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 337-339.
  • Demirtaş, Ö. (2014). İşyerlerinde Olumsuz Durumları İfşa Etmenin Etik İklim Üzerindeki Etkisi: Yıldırma Algısının Moderatör Rolü. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 136- 156.
  • Dewi, N. A., Sujana, E., & Wiguna, I. G. (2020). The Effect of Identity Protection and Financial Reward on Whistleblowing Intention in Public Sector Organization: Experimental Study. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 37-49.
  • Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service Quality and the Training of Employees: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Tourism Management, 419-430.
  • Dimitriou, C. K. (2017). The Quest for a Practical Approach to Morality and The Tourism Industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45-51.
  • Dobel, J. P. (1978). The Corruption of a State. The American Political Science Review, 958-973.
  • Doig, A., & Theobald, R. (1999). Introduction: Why corruption? Commonwealth Comparative Politics, 1-12.
  • Donyadide, A. (2010). Ethics in Tourism . European Journal of Social Sciences, 426-433.
  • Dungan, J., Waytz, A., & Young, L. (2014). Corruption in the Context of Moral Trade-offs. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 97-118.
  • Dworkin, T. M., & Near, J. P. (1997). A Better Statutory Approach to Whistle-Blowing. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1-16.
  • Enea, C. (2007). The Tourism Industry of Ethics and Tourism. Management and Marketing Craiova, 166-170.
  • Ergün, N. (2009). Örgütlerde Etik Dışı Davranışların Nedenleri ve Çalışanlara Yönelik Etik Dışı Davranışların Havayolu Taşımacılığı Sektörü Açısından İncelenmesi. İş, Güç, Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 149-168.
  • Farrell, D. (1983). Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect as Responses to Job Dissatisfaction: A Multidimensional Scaling Study. The Academy of Management Journal, 596-607.
  • Gildenhuys, J. S. H. (2004). Ethics and Professionalism: The Battle Against Public Corruption. Stellenbosch: Sun Press.
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  • McKercher, B., Weber, K., & Cros, H. d. (2008). Rationalising Inappropriate Behaviour at Contested Sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 369-385.
  • Mehmetoglu, M., Hines, K., Graumann, C., & Greibrokk, J. (2010). The Relationship between Personal Values and Tourism Behaviour: A Segmentation Approach. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 17-27.
  • Moore, L., & McAuliffe, E. (2010). Is Inadequate Response to Whistleblowing Perpetuating a Culture of Silence in Hospitals? Clinical Governance: An International Journal, 166-178.
  • Moorhouse, T., D'Cruze, N. C., & Macdonald, D. W. (2017). Unethical Use of Wildlife in Tourism: What's the problem, Who is Responsible, and What can Be Done? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 505-516.
  • Naus, F., Iterson, A. v., & Roe, R. (2007). Organizational Cynicism: Extending the Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect Model of Employees’ Responses to Adverse Conditions in the Workplace. Human Relations, 683-718.
  • Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Organizational Dissidence: The Case of Whistle-Blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-16.
  • Ntayi, J. M., Ngoboka, P., & Kakooza, C. S. (2013). Moral Schemas and Corruption in Ugandan Public Procurement. Journal of Business Ethics, 417-436.
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  • Rusbult, C. E., Zembrodt, I. M., & Gunn, L. K. (1982). Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect: Responses to Dissatisfaction in Romantic Involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1230-1242.
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  • Watts, L. L., & Buckley, M. R. (2017). A Dual-Processing Model of Moral Whistleblowing in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 669-683.
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Toplam 116 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Selda Güven 0000-0002-4931-7880

Bayram Şahin 0000-0002-1911-9066

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Nisan 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Güven, S., & Şahin, B. (2023). A Study into the Relationship Between Whistleblowing, Organizational Commitment and Personal Ethical Values: Hirschman’s Exit, Voice and Loyalty in Tourism. Seyahat Ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 20(1), 24-40. https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.1165203

Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği (Journal of Travel and Hotel Business) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
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