Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

Öz

The Second Constitutional Monarchy was a period upon which the Mo-dern Republic was founded, and the most important actors of this period were the Committee of Union and Progress, which was organized abroad and adopted the idea of Westernization as the goal of the ideal. The Committee, which became the focal point of political life in time, pioneered the introduc-tion of the parliamentary system and its appropriation to society. However, the intricate structure of the Committee, which was intertwined with the army, led to the abandonment of the parliamentary regime with various in-terventions, and the emergence of multiple schisms and divisions within the military. One of the clique formations in question is the emergence of the Ha-laskârân-ı Zabıtân Group. The importance of this group is that although it did not have a physical presence in political life, it led to the fall of the Unio-nist power with memoranda. In this context, it constitutes a first, and this incident, which took place in the Second Constitutional Period, recurred in various periods of the multi-party-political life. In this respect, Halaskârân-ı Zabıtân Group is valuable as it is one of the formations that led to the memo-randum tradition's emergence, institutionalization, traditionalizing or substi-tuting in order to understand the military memorandums. However, the number of studies examining this Group is quite limited. In this direction, the present study aims to question the position of the Halaskârân-ı Zabıtân Group (Rescue Officers), which faction within the army as a reaction move-ment against the Committee of Union and Progress, in the context of Turkish political life with its emergence, causes and consequences. First, the political atmosphere of the period is depicted and subsequently, the main reasons that led to the emergence of the Halaskârân-ı Zabıtân Group are examined in three points. Finally, the founding staff of the Group, its aims, and its con-sequences in terms of political life are discussed. It can be deduced that the study will shed light on and be a source for the understanding of the memo-randums that have taken place in modern political life. In this respect, the present study is noteworthy in that it deals in detail with the Halaskârân-ı Zabıtân Group, which can be expressed as an exit strategy that led to the loss of power by a government with a memorandum for the first time in Turkish political life, and the success of the opposition groups of the period.