Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Reformlarında “Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik” Teorisinin Etkileri: Türk Sağlık Sektörü Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 43 - 61, 22.10.2018

Hamza Ateş

Öz

Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik genellikle pasif, bağımlı ve çaresiz bir şekilde davrandığı görülen bireyleri tanımlamak için kullanılan bir kavramdır. Bu teoriye göre bireyler bazı durumlarda tercihleri ve eylemleri ile ulaşmak istedikleri sonuçlar arasında bir bağlantı olmadığını tecrübe eder veya öğrenir. Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kavramı 1960’lı yıllarda psikolog Martin Seligman tarafından kullanılmıştır. Bu kavram her ne kadar sağlık bilimleri alanında kullanılmak üzere geliştirilmiş olsa da zamanla depresyon, duygu eksikliği gibi durumları açıklamak üzere davranış bilimleri alanında da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik depresif insanların geldiği bu durumu çaresiz olmayı öğrenmeleri ile açıklamaktadır. Bu kavram artık psikoloji, sosyoloji ve yönetim gibi sosyal bilimlerin pek çok dalında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Bu çalışma Tükiye’de kamu sektörü reformlarına karşı olan olumsuz tutum ve direnci kavramsallaştırmak için öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kavramını kamuyönetimi alanında kullanmaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın temelini oluşturan saha araştırması, çoktan seçmeli soruların bulunduğu anketin Sağlık Bakanlığı personeline uygulanmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilerek çalışmada öngörülen varsayımlar ile karşılaştırılmış ve ilgili kuramsal çerçeve doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kamu Yönetimi Sağlık Reformları Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik Türk Sağlık Sektörü Saha Araştırması

Kaynakça

  • Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D., 1978, “Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology,, 1978, 87.
  • Agartan, Tuba, 2012, “Marketization and universalism: Crafting the right balance in the Turkish healthcare system”, Current Sociology, 60(4) 456–471.
  • Akdağ, Recep, 2012, Turkey Health Transformation Program Report (2003-2010), Ankara, Turkish Ministry of Health.
  • Akdaǧ, Recep , 2015, “Lessons from Health Transformation in Turkey: Leadership and Challenges”, Health Systems & Reform, 1:1, 3-8.
  • Atun, Rifat, 2015,“Transforming Turkeys Health System : Lessons for Universal Coverage”, N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1285-1289 October.
  • Ashkenas, R. (2010) Simply Effective: how to cut through complexity in your organization and get things done.Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press.
  • Ates, Cavusoglu and Çürüksulu, 2014, “Bir Öğrenilmişlik Çaresizlik Örneği: Yerel Yönetim Personelinin Değişime Adaptasyonu”, International Turkish Work Local Government Symposium, 25-26 Kasım, Gazimagosa, Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic.
  • Beata Glinka, Przemyslaw G. Hensel, 2017, "Reforms and Identities: How Relentless Pursuit Of Improvements Produces a Sense of Helplessness Among Bureaucrats", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 30 Issue: 2, pp.142-160.
  • Bjornstad, 2006.
  • Bostan, Sedat, 2013, “What Has The Health Transformation Program In Turkey Changed For Patients?”, Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, Cilt 16, Sayı 2.
  • Carson, T P and Adams, H E, 1981, “Affective Disorders: Behavioral Perspectives,” in Turner, S M; Calhoun, K S and Adams, H E (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Behavior Therapy, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Çavuşoğlu, Süleyman, 2007, Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Reform Çabalarinin Çalişanlar Üzerinde Davranişsal Etkilerinin Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik Teorisi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi, Kocaeli University Social Sicences Institute, MA Thesis, Kocaeli.
  • Chung, Goo Hyeok, Jin Nam Choi and Jing Du, 2017, “Tired of innovations? Learned helplessness and fatigue in the context of continuous streams of innovation implementation”, Journal of Organizational Behavior.
  • David G, 1993, Building A Learning Organization. Harv. Bus. Rev., 7/8:78-91, Espejo R-S, Werner S, Markus-Bilello U (1994). Organizational Transformation and Learning. Willey and Sons. England.
  • Dwivedi, Harsh and Garima Ghiya, 2016, “Relevance of Organization Culture Variables on Creating Organizational Learned Helplessness”, J. Adv. Res. HR Organ. Mnqmt. 2016; 3(1&2).
  • Eryılmaz, Bilal, 2005, Kamu Yönetimi, Erkam Matbaası Istanbul.
  • George, Jennifer M. and Gareth R. Jones, 2001, “Towards a process model of individual change in organizations”, Human Relations, Volume 54(4): 419–444.
  • Heider, F. 1958; Heider, The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: Wiley, 1958.
  • Johnson, Richard Greggory and Espiridion Borrego, 2009, “Public Administration and the Increased Need for Cultural Competencies in the Twenty-First Century”, Administrative Theory & Praxis, Vol. 31, No. 2, June, pp. 206-221.
  • Kumari, Shilpa S. and John Manohar, 2017, “Organizational Cultural Factors Leading to Learned Helplessness in Service Industry in Bangalore –An empirical study”, Journal of Management, Volume 1, Issue 1,June 2017.
  • Kümbül GB, 2006, Learned Helplessness in Business Life, Liberte Publications. Ankara.
  • Maier SF, Seligman MEP, 1976, “Learned Helplessness:Theory and Evidence”. J. Exp. Psychol., 105(1): 3-46.
  • Martinko, Mark J. and William L. Gardner, 1982, “Learned Helplessness: An Alternative Explanation for Performance Deficits”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Apr., 1982), pp. 195-204.
  • MoH, 2011, Statistical Yearbook, 2011, Ankara: Turkish Ministry of Health.
  • Mohanty, Atasi, Rabindra Kumar Pradhan and Lalatendu Kesari Jena, 2015, “Learned Helplessness and Socialization: A Reflective Analysis”, Psychology, 6, 885-895.
  • Prashant Bordia , Elizabeth Hunt , Neil Paulsen , Dennis Tourish & Nicholas DiFonzo, (2004, “Uncertainty during organizational change: Is it all about control?”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13:3, 345-365.
  • Russell, Michael B., , “Unmasking Three Key Strategies for Dysfunctional Behavior within the Church Organization: Exposing Learned Helplessness, Maladaptation, and Deference as Lubricants of Change”.
  • Sayeeduzzafar, 2000, A Study of Learned Helplessness and Perceived job Characteristics Among the Executive and Supervisory Staff of Profit and Non-Profit Making Public Sector Undertakings, PhD Thesis, Augarh Viusum University, Aligarh, India.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. , 1975, Helplessness: On Depression, Development and Death, San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
  • Silvet, Jaan, 2013, “Learned Helplessness During Organisational Change”, Scientific Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi Economic Sciences, 60 (2), 2013, pp. 1-11.
  • Thundiyil, Tomas G., Dan S. Chiaburu, In-Sue Oh, George C. Banks, and Ann C. Peng, 2015, “Cynical About Change? A Preliminary Meta-Analysis and Future Research Agenda”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science.
  • TurkStat - Life Satisfaction Survey, 2011, http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=10770.
  • WHO, 2012, Successful health system reforms: the case of Turkey, Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012: 21.
  • Wong, P T P and Weiner, B, 1981, “When People Ask “Why” Questions, and the Heuristics of the Attribution Search,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(4), 650-663.
  • Yousaf, Nadeem, 2017, Masses Behaviour, http://nyousaf.com/research-interests/masses-behavior, retrieved on 27.06.2017.
  • Yüksel, Fatih, 2015, “Learned Helplessness in Public Administration: The Cases of Samsun Metropolitan Municipality and San Diego City”, Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, Volume 11, Number 1, 2015, 115-142.
  • Yüksel, Fatih, Yousef A. Ibrahim and Saba Senses Ozyurt,, “Learned Helplessness in Public Administration: The Case of San Diego”, Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, Vol 6 No 2, March 2015.

Impacts of Learned Helplessness Theory on New Public Management Reforms: A Case Study in Turkish Health Sector

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 43 - 61, 22.10.2018

Hamza Ateş

Öz

Learned helplessness is a term that is often used to describe persons who appear to behave in a passive, dependent, helpless manner. This theory indicates that an individual experiences or "learns" that in some situations there is no connection between his / her choices and actions, and the outcomes the person wants to achieve. The term "learned helplessness" was coined by psychologist Martin Seligman in 1960s. Although the theory of learned helplessness was developed for health sciences, by the time, it was extended to human behavior, providing a model for explaining depression, a state characterized by a lack of affect and feeling. Depressed people became that way because they learned to be helpless. It is nowadays extensively used in such social science branches as psychology, sociology and management.

This work attempts to further extend the theory of learned helplessness to the field of public administration/management through using it to conceptualize negative attitudes and resistance to public sector reforms in Turkey. The field survey, which is the basis for this article, was conducted through a questionnaire where multiple-choice questions were applied to the staff of the Ministry of Health. The data of the study were analyzed by SPSS analysis program and compared with the researchers' assumptions and evaluated with the help of the related theoretical framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Public Administration Health Reforms Learned Helplessness Turkish Health Sector Field Study

Kaynakça

  • Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D., 1978, “Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology,, 1978, 87.
  • Agartan, Tuba, 2012, “Marketization and universalism: Crafting the right balance in the Turkish healthcare system”, Current Sociology, 60(4) 456–471.
  • Akdağ, Recep, 2012, Turkey Health Transformation Program Report (2003-2010), Ankara, Turkish Ministry of Health.
  • Akdaǧ, Recep , 2015, “Lessons from Health Transformation in Turkey: Leadership and Challenges”, Health Systems & Reform, 1:1, 3-8.
  • Atun, Rifat, 2015,“Transforming Turkeys Health System : Lessons for Universal Coverage”, N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1285-1289 October.
  • Ashkenas, R. (2010) Simply Effective: how to cut through complexity in your organization and get things done.Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press.
  • Ates, Cavusoglu and Çürüksulu, 2014, “Bir Öğrenilmişlik Çaresizlik Örneği: Yerel Yönetim Personelinin Değişime Adaptasyonu”, International Turkish Work Local Government Symposium, 25-26 Kasım, Gazimagosa, Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic.
  • Beata Glinka, Przemyslaw G. Hensel, 2017, "Reforms and Identities: How Relentless Pursuit Of Improvements Produces a Sense of Helplessness Among Bureaucrats", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 30 Issue: 2, pp.142-160.
  • Bjornstad, 2006.
  • Bostan, Sedat, 2013, “What Has The Health Transformation Program In Turkey Changed For Patients?”, Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, Cilt 16, Sayı 2.
  • Carson, T P and Adams, H E, 1981, “Affective Disorders: Behavioral Perspectives,” in Turner, S M; Calhoun, K S and Adams, H E (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Behavior Therapy, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Çavuşoğlu, Süleyman, 2007, Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Reform Çabalarinin Çalişanlar Üzerinde Davranişsal Etkilerinin Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik Teorisi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi, Kocaeli University Social Sicences Institute, MA Thesis, Kocaeli.
  • Chung, Goo Hyeok, Jin Nam Choi and Jing Du, 2017, “Tired of innovations? Learned helplessness and fatigue in the context of continuous streams of innovation implementation”, Journal of Organizational Behavior.
  • David G, 1993, Building A Learning Organization. Harv. Bus. Rev., 7/8:78-91, Espejo R-S, Werner S, Markus-Bilello U (1994). Organizational Transformation and Learning. Willey and Sons. England.
  • Dwivedi, Harsh and Garima Ghiya, 2016, “Relevance of Organization Culture Variables on Creating Organizational Learned Helplessness”, J. Adv. Res. HR Organ. Mnqmt. 2016; 3(1&2).
  • Eryılmaz, Bilal, 2005, Kamu Yönetimi, Erkam Matbaası Istanbul.
  • George, Jennifer M. and Gareth R. Jones, 2001, “Towards a process model of individual change in organizations”, Human Relations, Volume 54(4): 419–444.
  • Heider, F. 1958; Heider, The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: Wiley, 1958.
  • Johnson, Richard Greggory and Espiridion Borrego, 2009, “Public Administration and the Increased Need for Cultural Competencies in the Twenty-First Century”, Administrative Theory & Praxis, Vol. 31, No. 2, June, pp. 206-221.
  • Kumari, Shilpa S. and John Manohar, 2017, “Organizational Cultural Factors Leading to Learned Helplessness in Service Industry in Bangalore –An empirical study”, Journal of Management, Volume 1, Issue 1,June 2017.
  • Kümbül GB, 2006, Learned Helplessness in Business Life, Liberte Publications. Ankara.
  • Maier SF, Seligman MEP, 1976, “Learned Helplessness:Theory and Evidence”. J. Exp. Psychol., 105(1): 3-46.
  • Martinko, Mark J. and William L. Gardner, 1982, “Learned Helplessness: An Alternative Explanation for Performance Deficits”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Apr., 1982), pp. 195-204.
  • MoH, 2011, Statistical Yearbook, 2011, Ankara: Turkish Ministry of Health.
  • Mohanty, Atasi, Rabindra Kumar Pradhan and Lalatendu Kesari Jena, 2015, “Learned Helplessness and Socialization: A Reflective Analysis”, Psychology, 6, 885-895.
  • Prashant Bordia , Elizabeth Hunt , Neil Paulsen , Dennis Tourish & Nicholas DiFonzo, (2004, “Uncertainty during organizational change: Is it all about control?”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13:3, 345-365.
  • Russell, Michael B., , “Unmasking Three Key Strategies for Dysfunctional Behavior within the Church Organization: Exposing Learned Helplessness, Maladaptation, and Deference as Lubricants of Change”.
  • Sayeeduzzafar, 2000, A Study of Learned Helplessness and Perceived job Characteristics Among the Executive and Supervisory Staff of Profit and Non-Profit Making Public Sector Undertakings, PhD Thesis, Augarh Viusum University, Aligarh, India.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. , 1975, Helplessness: On Depression, Development and Death, San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
  • Silvet, Jaan, 2013, “Learned Helplessness During Organisational Change”, Scientific Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi Economic Sciences, 60 (2), 2013, pp. 1-11.
  • Thundiyil, Tomas G., Dan S. Chiaburu, In-Sue Oh, George C. Banks, and Ann C. Peng, 2015, “Cynical About Change? A Preliminary Meta-Analysis and Future Research Agenda”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science.
  • TurkStat - Life Satisfaction Survey, 2011, http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=10770.
  • WHO, 2012, Successful health system reforms: the case of Turkey, Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012: 21.
  • Wong, P T P and Weiner, B, 1981, “When People Ask “Why” Questions, and the Heuristics of the Attribution Search,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(4), 650-663.
  • Yousaf, Nadeem, 2017, Masses Behaviour, http://nyousaf.com/research-interests/masses-behavior, retrieved on 27.06.2017.
  • Yüksel, Fatih, 2015, “Learned Helplessness in Public Administration: The Cases of Samsun Metropolitan Municipality and San Diego City”, Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, Volume 11, Number 1, 2015, 115-142.
  • Yüksel, Fatih, Yousef A. Ibrahim and Saba Senses Ozyurt,, “Learned Helplessness in Public Administration: The Case of San Diego”, Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, Vol 6 No 2, March 2015.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hamza Ateş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Ateş, H. (2018). Impacts of Learned Helplessness Theory on New Public Management Reforms: A Case Study in Turkish Health Sector. Medeniyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(5), 43-61.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

İletişim / Correspondence                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Telefon/Phone: +90 216 280 34 81

Faks/Fax: : +90 216 280 34 95

Adres/Address: Medeniyet Araştırmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi

İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Güney Yerleşkesi B-Blok

Dumlupınar Mah. D-100 Yan Yol Kadıköy, İstanbul, Türkiye

sezai.oztop@medeniyet.edu.tr


14283            19354