Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Effect of Prenatal Stress and Intention to Leave Workforce

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 23, 71 - 85, 25.01.2022

Metin Söylemez Ahmet Kaya

https://doi.org/10.26650/iukad.2021.867274

Öz

This study investigated the effect of pregnancy-specific prenatal stress on the intention to leave the workforce and the mediating influence of perceived organizational support on this effect. Quantitative research was conducted by using a causal screening pattern with data obtained from 108 pregnant women working in various sectors via a survey technique. Regression and mediation analyses were used to test the hypotheses. The research results determined that prenatal stress affects working life and organizational support has a mediating influence on this effect. The conclusions assess the significance of the findings of this study for both literature and organizations through providing insights into the effects of prenatal stress on the working life and psychological condition of pregnant workers, and the positive influence of perceptions of organizational support in relation to the shifting interests of post-birth mothers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Women employees Prenatal stress Intention to leave the workforce Perceived organizational support

Kaynakça

  • Alderdice, F., & Lynn, F. (2011). Factor structure of the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. Midwifery, 27(4), 553-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2010.05.003 google scholar
  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x google scholar
  • Arogundade, T. O., Arogundade, B. A., & Adebajo, O. (2015). The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Job Stress among Selected Public and Private Sector Employees in Lagos State, Nigeria. Advances in Research, 541-547. https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2015/14048 google scholar
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 google scholar
  • Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2011). The Post-career Mom: Reproductive Technology and the Promise of Reproductive Choice. İçinde G. Beets, J. Schippers, & E. R. te Velde (Ed.), The Future of Motherhood in Western Societies: Late Fertility and its Consequences (ss. 149-157). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8969-4_10 google scholar
  • Bjelica, A., Cetkovic, N., Trninic-Pjevic, A., & Mladenovic-Segedi, L. (2018). The phenomenon of pregnancy—A psychological view. Ginekologia Polska, 89(2), 102-106. https://doi.org/10.5603/ GP.a2018.0017 google scholar
  • Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2017). The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(3), 789-865. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20160995 google scholar
  • Cheng, P.-Y., Yang, J.-T., Wan, C.-S., & Chu, M.-C. (2013). Ethical contexts and employee job responses in the hotel industry: The roles of work values and perceived organizational support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.03.007 google scholar
  • Chiang, C.-F., & Hsieh, T.-S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijhm.2011.04.011 google scholar
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi. google scholar
  • Duke, A. B., Goodman, J. M., Treadway, D. C., & Breland, J. W. (2009). Perceived Organizational Support as a Moderator of Emotional Labor/Outcomes Relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(5), 1013-1034. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00470.x google scholar
  • Eaton, B. L. (2019). Pregnancy Discrimination: Pregnant Women Need More Protection in the Workplace. South Dakota Law Review, 64, 244. google scholar
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 google scholar
  • Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565 google scholar
  • Emmanuel, E. N., Creedy, D. K., St John, W., & Brown, C. (2011). Maternal role development: The impact of maternal distress and social support following childbirth. Midwifery, 27(2), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.07.003 google scholar
  • England, P., Bearak, J., Budig, M. J., & Hodges, M. J. (2016). Do Highly Paid, Highly Skilled Women Experience the Largest Motherhood Penalty? American Sociological Review, 81(6), 1161-1189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416673598 google scholar
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications Ltd. google scholar
  • Gatrell, C. (2011). Managing the Maternal Body: A Comprehensive Review and Transdisciplinary Analysis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), 97-112. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00286.x google scholar
  • Hopkins, J., Miller, J. L., Butler, K., Gibson, L., Hedrick, L., & Boyle, D. A. (2018). The relation between social support, anxiety and distress symptoms and maternal fetal attachment. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 36(4), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1466385 google scholar
  • Huizink, A. C., Mulder, E. J. H., Robles de Medina, P. G., Visser, G. H. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2004). Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome? Early Human Development, 79(2), 81-91. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.04.014 google scholar
  • İstatistiklerle Kadın. (2019). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten?p=%C4%B0statistiklerle-Kad%C4%B1n-2019-33732 google scholar
  • Jesse, D. E., Kim, H., & Herndon, C. (2014). Social Support and Self-Esteem as Mediators Between Stress and Antepartum Depressive Symptoms in Rural Pregnant Women. Research in Nursing & Health, 37(3), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21600 google scholar
  • Jones, K. P., Clair, J. A., King, E. B., Humberd, B. K., & Arena, D. F. (2020). How help during pregnancy can undermine self-efficacy and increase postpartum intentions to quit. Personnel Psychology, 73(3), 431-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12365 google scholar
  • Laughlin, L. (2011). Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns of First-Time Mothers 1961-2008. Current Population Report (s. 22). Census Bureau. google scholar
  • Lavaysse, L. M., & Probst, T. M. (2020). Pregnancy and workplace accidents: The impact of stereotype threat. Work & Stress, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2020.1774937 google scholar
  • Liu, M., & Buzzanell, P. M. (2004). Negotiating Maternity Leave Expectations: Perceived Tensions between Ethics of Justice and Care. The Journal of Business Communication (1973), 41(4), 323349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943604268174 google scholar
  • Livingston, G. (2014). Opting out? About 10% of highly educated moms are staying at home. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/05/07/ opting-out-about-10-of-highly-educated-moms-are-staying-at-home/ google scholar
  • Lucia-Casademunt, A. M., Garda-Cabrera, A. M., Padilla-Angulo, L, & Cuellar-Molina, D. (2018). Returning to Work after Childbirth in Europe: Well-Being, Work-Life Balance, and the Interplay of Supervisor Support. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 68. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00068 google scholar
  • Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2005). Kaleidoscope Careers: An Alternate Explanation for the “Opt-out” Revolution. The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), 19(1), 106-123. JSTOR. google scholar
  • Makola, Z. S., Rudolph, E. C., & Joubert, Y. T. (2020). First-time mothers’ perceptions of workplace social support: An exploratory qualitative study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 30(2), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2020.1746563 google scholar
  • Marcinkus, W. C., Whelan-Berry, K. S., & Gordon, J. R. (2007). The relationship of social support to the work-family balance and work outcomes of midlife women. Women in ManagementReview, 22(2), 86-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420710732060 google scholar
  • Maynard, S. A., & Blain, L. G. (2005). Women, work and childcare: Where have we been? Where are we going? Work, 24(4), 361-367. google scholar
  • McNatt, D. B., & Judge, T. A. (2008). Self-efficacy intervention, job attitudes, and turnover: A field experiment with employees in role transition. Human Relations, 61(6), 783-810. https://doi. org/10.1177/0018726708092404 google scholar
  • Ngai, F.-W., & Chan, S. W.-C. (2011). Psychosocial factors and maternal wellbeing: An exploratory path analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(6), 725-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijnurstu.2010.11.002 google scholar
  • Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698 google scholar
  • Rubin, S. E., & Wooten, H. R. (2007). Highly Educated Stay-at-Home Mothers: A Study of Commitment and Conflict. The Family Journal, 15(4), 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480707304945 google scholar
  • Seashore, S., Lawler, E., Mirvis, P., & Cammann, C. (1982). Assessing Organizational Change. A Guide to Methods, Measures, and Practices (C. 5). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068400500420 google scholar
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. google scholar
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • The Pregnancy Test: Ending Discrimination at Work for New Mothers. (2014). London: Trades Union Congress. https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/pregnancytestreport.pdf google scholar
  • Umberson, D., Pudrovska, T., & Reczek, C. (2010). Parenthood, Childlessness, and Well-Being: A Life Course Perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 612-629. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00721.x google scholar
  • Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 222-244. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016984 google scholar
  • Weissheimer, A. M., & Mamede, M. V. (2015). Prenatal Psychosocial Profile: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation to its use in Brazil. Midwifery, 31(12), 1157-1162. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.08.001 google scholar
  • Yali, A. M., & Lobel, M. (1999). Coping and distress in pregnancy: An investigation of medically high risk women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 20(1), 39-52. https://doi. org/10.3109/01674829909075575 google scholar

Hamileliğe Özgü Doğum Öncesi Stresin Çalışma Hayatından Ayrılma Niyeti Etkisinde Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Rolü

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 23, 71 - 85, 25.01.2022

Metin Söylemez Ahmet Kaya

https://doi.org/10.26650/iukad.2021.867274

Öz

Bu çalışmada, hamileliğe özgü doğum öncesi stresin çalışma hayatından ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi ve algılanan örgütsel desteğin bu etkideki aracılık rolünün ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çeşitli sektörlerde çalışan 108 hamile kadın çalışandan anket tekniği ile elde edilen verilerle, nedensel tarama deseninde nicel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hipotezlerin test edilmesinde regresyon ve aracılık analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, hamileliğe özgü doğum öncesi stresin çalışma hayatını etkilediği ve örgütsel desteğin bu etkide aracılık rolü oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar araştırmanın, doğum sonrası annenin değişen önceliklerinin aksine doğum öncesi kadın çalışanın psikolojik durumunun çalışma hayatına etkilerini ve örgütsel destek algısının pozitif etkisini ele alması bakımından hem yazın hem de örgütler açısından önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadın çalışanlar Stres Çalışma hayatından ayrılma niyeti Algılanan örgütsel destek

Kaynakça

  • Alderdice, F., & Lynn, F. (2011). Factor structure of the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. Midwifery, 27(4), 553-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2010.05.003 google scholar
  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x google scholar
  • Arogundade, T. O., Arogundade, B. A., & Adebajo, O. (2015). The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Job Stress among Selected Public and Private Sector Employees in Lagos State, Nigeria. Advances in Research, 541-547. https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2015/14048 google scholar
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 google scholar
  • Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2011). The Post-career Mom: Reproductive Technology and the Promise of Reproductive Choice. İçinde G. Beets, J. Schippers, & E. R. te Velde (Ed.), The Future of Motherhood in Western Societies: Late Fertility and its Consequences (ss. 149-157). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8969-4_10 google scholar
  • Bjelica, A., Cetkovic, N., Trninic-Pjevic, A., & Mladenovic-Segedi, L. (2018). The phenomenon of pregnancy—A psychological view. Ginekologia Polska, 89(2), 102-106. https://doi.org/10.5603/ GP.a2018.0017 google scholar
  • Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2017). The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(3), 789-865. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20160995 google scholar
  • Cheng, P.-Y., Yang, J.-T., Wan, C.-S., & Chu, M.-C. (2013). Ethical contexts and employee job responses in the hotel industry: The roles of work values and perceived organizational support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.03.007 google scholar
  • Chiang, C.-F., & Hsieh, T.-S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijhm.2011.04.011 google scholar
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi. google scholar
  • Duke, A. B., Goodman, J. M., Treadway, D. C., & Breland, J. W. (2009). Perceived Organizational Support as a Moderator of Emotional Labor/Outcomes Relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(5), 1013-1034. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00470.x google scholar
  • Eaton, B. L. (2019). Pregnancy Discrimination: Pregnant Women Need More Protection in the Workplace. South Dakota Law Review, 64, 244. google scholar
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 google scholar
  • Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565 google scholar
  • Emmanuel, E. N., Creedy, D. K., St John, W., & Brown, C. (2011). Maternal role development: The impact of maternal distress and social support following childbirth. Midwifery, 27(2), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.07.003 google scholar
  • England, P., Bearak, J., Budig, M. J., & Hodges, M. J. (2016). Do Highly Paid, Highly Skilled Women Experience the Largest Motherhood Penalty? American Sociological Review, 81(6), 1161-1189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416673598 google scholar
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications Ltd. google scholar
  • Gatrell, C. (2011). Managing the Maternal Body: A Comprehensive Review and Transdisciplinary Analysis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), 97-112. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00286.x google scholar
  • Hopkins, J., Miller, J. L., Butler, K., Gibson, L., Hedrick, L., & Boyle, D. A. (2018). The relation between social support, anxiety and distress symptoms and maternal fetal attachment. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 36(4), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1466385 google scholar
  • Huizink, A. C., Mulder, E. J. H., Robles de Medina, P. G., Visser, G. H. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2004). Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome? Early Human Development, 79(2), 81-91. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.04.014 google scholar
  • İstatistiklerle Kadın. (2019). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten?p=%C4%B0statistiklerle-Kad%C4%B1n-2019-33732 google scholar
  • Jesse, D. E., Kim, H., & Herndon, C. (2014). Social Support and Self-Esteem as Mediators Between Stress and Antepartum Depressive Symptoms in Rural Pregnant Women. Research in Nursing & Health, 37(3), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21600 google scholar
  • Jones, K. P., Clair, J. A., King, E. B., Humberd, B. K., & Arena, D. F. (2020). How help during pregnancy can undermine self-efficacy and increase postpartum intentions to quit. Personnel Psychology, 73(3), 431-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12365 google scholar
  • Laughlin, L. (2011). Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns of First-Time Mothers 1961-2008. Current Population Report (s. 22). Census Bureau. google scholar
  • Lavaysse, L. M., & Probst, T. M. (2020). Pregnancy and workplace accidents: The impact of stereotype threat. Work & Stress, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2020.1774937 google scholar
  • Liu, M., & Buzzanell, P. M. (2004). Negotiating Maternity Leave Expectations: Perceived Tensions between Ethics of Justice and Care. The Journal of Business Communication (1973), 41(4), 323349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943604268174 google scholar
  • Livingston, G. (2014). Opting out? About 10% of highly educated moms are staying at home. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/05/07/ opting-out-about-10-of-highly-educated-moms-are-staying-at-home/ google scholar
  • Lucia-Casademunt, A. M., Garda-Cabrera, A. M., Padilla-Angulo, L, & Cuellar-Molina, D. (2018). Returning to Work after Childbirth in Europe: Well-Being, Work-Life Balance, and the Interplay of Supervisor Support. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 68. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00068 google scholar
  • Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2005). Kaleidoscope Careers: An Alternate Explanation for the “Opt-out” Revolution. The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), 19(1), 106-123. JSTOR. google scholar
  • Makola, Z. S., Rudolph, E. C., & Joubert, Y. T. (2020). First-time mothers’ perceptions of workplace social support: An exploratory qualitative study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 30(2), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2020.1746563 google scholar
  • Marcinkus, W. C., Whelan-Berry, K. S., & Gordon, J. R. (2007). The relationship of social support to the work-family balance and work outcomes of midlife women. Women in ManagementReview, 22(2), 86-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420710732060 google scholar
  • Maynard, S. A., & Blain, L. G. (2005). Women, work and childcare: Where have we been? Where are we going? Work, 24(4), 361-367. google scholar
  • McNatt, D. B., & Judge, T. A. (2008). Self-efficacy intervention, job attitudes, and turnover: A field experiment with employees in role transition. Human Relations, 61(6), 783-810. https://doi. org/10.1177/0018726708092404 google scholar
  • Ngai, F.-W., & Chan, S. W.-C. (2011). Psychosocial factors and maternal wellbeing: An exploratory path analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(6), 725-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijnurstu.2010.11.002 google scholar
  • Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698 google scholar
  • Rubin, S. E., & Wooten, H. R. (2007). Highly Educated Stay-at-Home Mothers: A Study of Commitment and Conflict. The Family Journal, 15(4), 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480707304945 google scholar
  • Seashore, S., Lawler, E., Mirvis, P., & Cammann, C. (1982). Assessing Organizational Change. A Guide to Methods, Measures, and Practices (C. 5). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068400500420 google scholar
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. google scholar
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • The Pregnancy Test: Ending Discrimination at Work for New Mothers. (2014). London: Trades Union Congress. https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/pregnancytestreport.pdf google scholar
  • Umberson, D., Pudrovska, T., & Reczek, C. (2010). Parenthood, Childlessness, and Well-Being: A Life Course Perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 612-629. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00721.x google scholar
  • Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 222-244. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016984 google scholar
  • Weissheimer, A. M., & Mamede, M. V. (2015). Prenatal Psychosocial Profile: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation to its use in Brazil. Midwifery, 31(12), 1157-1162. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.08.001 google scholar
  • Yali, A. M., & Lobel, M. (1999). Coping and distress in pregnancy: An investigation of medically high risk women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 20(1), 39-52. https://doi. org/10.3109/01674829909075575 google scholar
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kadın Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Metin Söylemez 0000-0003-0291-2284

Ahmet Kaya 0000-0002-3876-3682

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 23

Kaynak Göster

APA Söylemez, M., & Kaya, A. (2022). Hamileliğe Özgü Doğum Öncesi Stresin Çalışma Hayatından Ayrılma Niyeti Etkisinde Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Rolü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi(23), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.26650/iukad.2021.867274
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