Öz
Araştırmamızda çatışma sonrası ekonomik canlanmada ekonomi politikalarının rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ana hedefleri ise yeni çatışma riskini azaltmada askeri harcamaların rolünü belirlemek ve yerli yatırım, dış yardım ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ekonomik iyileşmeye katkısını incelemektir. Yurtiçi yatırım, dış yardım, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve askeri harcamaların, ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesi üzerinde uzun süreli etkisinin olduğu savunulmaktadır. Kısa dönemde, askeri harcamaların reel GSYİH üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi bulunmamakla birlikte, ekonomik büyüme üzerinde belirgin bir pozitif etkisi bulunduğu görülmüştür. Bunun dışında yerli yatırım ekonomik büyümeyi ve toparlanmayı desteklemektedir. Bu çalışma, yerli yatırımın çatışma sonrası ülkelerdeki gerçek gayri safi milli hâsıla üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu varsayarak, bu finansal akımların çatışma sonrası durumlarda reel gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla artışını desteklemesi nedeniyle dış yardım ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımın ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu yönde etkilediğini savlamaktadır. Son olarak, artan askeri harcamaların, çatışma sonrası durumlarda yeni çatışma riskini azaltarak ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik ettiği savunulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İyileşme Çatışma Ekonomik Politikalar Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Yurtiçi Yatırım
Kaynakça
- Amarasuriya, H., Gündüz, C., & Mayer, M. (2009). Sri Lanka: Rethinking the nexus between youth, unemployment and conflict, 38. Retrieved from http://www.international-alert.org/pdf/LEO_Sri_Lanka.pdf
- Appiah-Konadu, P., Junior, F. S., Eric, A., & Daniel K. Twerefou. (2016). The Effect of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Ghana Paul Appiah-Konadu, 46 Forster Shitsi Junior, 47 Abokyi Eric, 48 and Daniel K. Twerefou 49, IV (2), 248–261.
- Azeng, T. F., Yogo, T. U., Kayizzi-mugerwa, S., & John, C. (2013). Youth Unemployment and Political Instability in Selected Developing Countries. African Development Bank Group, (171). Retrieved from http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Working_Pa per_171__Youth_Unemployment_and_Political_Instability_in_Selected_Developi ng_Countries.pdf
- Boakye, P. F. (2008). Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Ghana. Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
- Brown, G. K., & Stewart, F. (2015). Economic and Political Causes of Conflict: An Overview and Some Policy Implications. CRISE Working Paper No.81, (81). Retrieved from http://www.crise.ox.ac.uk/
- Collier, P. (2006). development, 1(1), 1–4.
- Douma, P., & Gasana, M. (2008). Reintegration in Burundi: between happy cows and lost investments, (October).
- Edloe, L. L. (2007). Best Practices for Successful Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR). New Voices in Public Policy, 1(Spring), 1–28.
- Ehrenreich, R. (2012). The University of Chicago Failed States, or the State as Failure?, 72(4), 1159–1196.
- Elmi, A. A., & Barise, A. (2010). The Somali Conflict: Root causes, obstacles, and peace-building strategies. African Security Review, 15(1), 32–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2006.9627386
- Girod, D. M. (2009). Fragile States and Foreign Aid: Political Origins of Economic Development After Civil War.
- Golooba Mutebi, F. (2008). Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda: An analytical narrative on state-making. Working Paper No. 27, 1797(28), 42.
- Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2003). Basic econometrics - Economic series McGraw-Hill international editions: Economic series. … Econometrics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2344828
- Hatemi-J, A., & Irandoust, M. (2005). Foreign aid and economic growth: new evidence from panel cointegration. Journal of Economic Development, 30(1), 71–80. Retrieved from http://ideas.repec.org/a/jed/journl/v30y2005i1p71-80.html
- Hatungimana, J. (2011). The cause of conflict in Burundi.
- Johnson, A. (2006). The effects of FDI inflows on host country economic growth. The Royal Institute of Technology. Centre of Excellence …, (August), 1–57. Retrieved from http://www.infra.kth.se/cesis/documents/WP58.pdf
- Lötscher, W. (2014). Reintegration of Ex-Combatants and Reconciliation in Rwanda: A Case Study, (April).
- Mallik, G. (2008). Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: A Cointegration Analysis of the Six Poorest African Countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 38(2), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(08)50020-8
- Malunda, D. (2012). Report for the African Centre for Economic Transformation (ACET) Rwanda: Case Study on Economic Transformation. Institute of Policy Analysis and Research – Rwanda (IPAR), (March), 1–64. Retrieved from http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-andOperations/Rwanda__Leveraging_Capital_Markets_for_Small_and_Medium_Enterprise_Financing.pdf
- Michałowski, T. (2012). Foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa and its effects on economic growth of the region. Prace I Materiały Instytutu Handlu Zagranicznego Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, (31), 687–701.
- Mill, J. S. (2005). Post-Conflict Economic Reconstruction.
- Mills, R., & Fan, Q. (2006). The Investment Climate in Post-Conflict Situations. World Bank Institute. Retrieved from http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/235864/postconflict_paper.pdf
- Moreira, S. (2005). Evaluating the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study. Journal of Economic Development, 30(2), 25–49.
- Ndoricimpa, A. (2014). Bootstrap Causality among Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Economic Growth in Burundi. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 4(12), 2022–2033. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJEMT/2014/12454
- Ocaya, B., Ruranga, C., & Kaberuka, W. (2012). Dynamic Relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Domestic Investment in Rwanda. World Journal of Education, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v2n6p79
- Ohiorhenuan, J. F. E. (2011). Postconflict Recovery: Approaches, Policies and Partnerships, (4).
- Ohiorhenuan, J., & Stewart, F. (2008). Post Conflict Economic Recovery.
- Oyeniyi, A., & Media, T. (2011). Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types, (February), 1–10.
- Report, T. (2008). Economic policies for post-conflict, 44–59.
- Ruranga, C., Ocaya, B., & Kaberuka, W. (2014). VAR Analysis of Economic Growth, Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Savings and Trade in Rwanda. Greener Journal of Economics and Accountability, 3(2), 030–041.
- Specker, L., Briscoe, I., & Gasana, M. (2010). Early Economic Recovery in Fragile States Case study Burundi: operational challenges, (January), 1–59.
- Todaro, B., & Smith, A. (2013). Foreign aid and growth: new evidences from Sub-Saharan African countries. … Africa 2007, CSAE Conference. [Internet] …, 1–27. Retrieved from http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2007-EDiALaWBiDC/papers/169-Seetanah.pdf
- Weeks, J. (2012). POLITICAL ECONOMY Macroeconomic Impact of Capital Flows, (290).
- World Bank. (2005). Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics. World Bank, (January), 61. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pd f
- African Development Bank (2001). Economic Recovery for Post-Conflict Recovery www.econstor.eu.
Öz
The research tried to investigate the role of economic policies in post-conflict economic recovery. The main objectives of the study were to identify the role of military expenditure in reducing the risk of new conflict and examine the contribution of domestic investment, foreign aid and FDI to the economic recovery. Domestic investment, foreign aid, foreign direct investment and military expenditure have long run significant effect on economic growth of countries. In the short run military expenditure has no any effect on the real GDP but it has significant positive effect on economic growth. Also, domestic investment does not promote the economic growth and recovery. The study assumes that domestic investment has a positive effect on real gross domestic product in post-conflict countries. Also, it assumes that foreign aid and foreign direct investment have a positive effect on economic growth since these financial flows are expected to increase real gross domestic product in post-conflict situations. Finally, the study assumes that increasing military expenditure promotes economic growth by reducing the risk of new conflict in post-conflict situations.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Recovery Post-Conflict Economic Policies Foreign Direct Investment Domestic Investment
Kaynakça
- Amarasuriya, H., Gündüz, C., & Mayer, M. (2009). Sri Lanka: Rethinking the nexus between youth, unemployment and conflict, 38. Retrieved from http://www.international-alert.org/pdf/LEO_Sri_Lanka.pdf
- Appiah-Konadu, P., Junior, F. S., Eric, A., & Daniel K. Twerefou. (2016). The Effect of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Ghana Paul Appiah-Konadu, 46 Forster Shitsi Junior, 47 Abokyi Eric, 48 and Daniel K. Twerefou 49, IV (2), 248–261.
- Azeng, T. F., Yogo, T. U., Kayizzi-mugerwa, S., & John, C. (2013). Youth Unemployment and Political Instability in Selected Developing Countries. African Development Bank Group, (171). Retrieved from http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Working_Pa per_171__Youth_Unemployment_and_Political_Instability_in_Selected_Developi ng_Countries.pdf
- Boakye, P. F. (2008). Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Ghana. Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
- Brown, G. K., & Stewart, F. (2015). Economic and Political Causes of Conflict: An Overview and Some Policy Implications. CRISE Working Paper No.81, (81). Retrieved from http://www.crise.ox.ac.uk/
- Collier, P. (2006). development, 1(1), 1–4.
- Douma, P., & Gasana, M. (2008). Reintegration in Burundi: between happy cows and lost investments, (October).
- Edloe, L. L. (2007). Best Practices for Successful Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR). New Voices in Public Policy, 1(Spring), 1–28.
- Ehrenreich, R. (2012). The University of Chicago Failed States, or the State as Failure?, 72(4), 1159–1196.
- Elmi, A. A., & Barise, A. (2010). The Somali Conflict: Root causes, obstacles, and peace-building strategies. African Security Review, 15(1), 32–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2006.9627386
- Girod, D. M. (2009). Fragile States and Foreign Aid: Political Origins of Economic Development After Civil War.
- Golooba Mutebi, F. (2008). Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda: An analytical narrative on state-making. Working Paper No. 27, 1797(28), 42.
- Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2003). Basic econometrics - Economic series McGraw-Hill international editions: Economic series. … Econometrics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2344828
- Hatemi-J, A., & Irandoust, M. (2005). Foreign aid and economic growth: new evidence from panel cointegration. Journal of Economic Development, 30(1), 71–80. Retrieved from http://ideas.repec.org/a/jed/journl/v30y2005i1p71-80.html
- Hatungimana, J. (2011). The cause of conflict in Burundi.
- Johnson, A. (2006). The effects of FDI inflows on host country economic growth. The Royal Institute of Technology. Centre of Excellence …, (August), 1–57. Retrieved from http://www.infra.kth.se/cesis/documents/WP58.pdf
- Lötscher, W. (2014). Reintegration of Ex-Combatants and Reconciliation in Rwanda: A Case Study, (April).
- Mallik, G. (2008). Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: A Cointegration Analysis of the Six Poorest African Countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 38(2), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(08)50020-8
- Malunda, D. (2012). Report for the African Centre for Economic Transformation (ACET) Rwanda: Case Study on Economic Transformation. Institute of Policy Analysis and Research – Rwanda (IPAR), (March), 1–64. Retrieved from http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-andOperations/Rwanda__Leveraging_Capital_Markets_for_Small_and_Medium_Enterprise_Financing.pdf
- Michałowski, T. (2012). Foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa and its effects on economic growth of the region. Prace I Materiały Instytutu Handlu Zagranicznego Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, (31), 687–701.
- Mill, J. S. (2005). Post-Conflict Economic Reconstruction.
- Mills, R., & Fan, Q. (2006). The Investment Climate in Post-Conflict Situations. World Bank Institute. Retrieved from http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/235864/postconflict_paper.pdf
- Moreira, S. (2005). Evaluating the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study. Journal of Economic Development, 30(2), 25–49.
- Ndoricimpa, A. (2014). Bootstrap Causality among Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Economic Growth in Burundi. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 4(12), 2022–2033. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJEMT/2014/12454
- Ocaya, B., Ruranga, C., & Kaberuka, W. (2012). Dynamic Relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Domestic Investment in Rwanda. World Journal of Education, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v2n6p79
- Ohiorhenuan, J. F. E. (2011). Postconflict Recovery: Approaches, Policies and Partnerships, (4).
- Ohiorhenuan, J., & Stewart, F. (2008). Post Conflict Economic Recovery.
- Oyeniyi, A., & Media, T. (2011). Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types, (February), 1–10.
- Report, T. (2008). Economic policies for post-conflict, 44–59.
- Ruranga, C., Ocaya, B., & Kaberuka, W. (2014). VAR Analysis of Economic Growth, Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Savings and Trade in Rwanda. Greener Journal of Economics and Accountability, 3(2), 030–041.
- Specker, L., Briscoe, I., & Gasana, M. (2010). Early Economic Recovery in Fragile States Case study Burundi: operational challenges, (January), 1–59.
- Todaro, B., & Smith, A. (2013). Foreign aid and growth: new evidences from Sub-Saharan African countries. … Africa 2007, CSAE Conference. [Internet] …, 1–27. Retrieved from http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2007-EDiALaWBiDC/papers/169-Seetanah.pdf
- Weeks, J. (2012). POLITICAL ECONOMY Macroeconomic Impact of Capital Flows, (290).
- World Bank. (2005). Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics. World Bank, (January), 61. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pd f
- African Development Bank (2001). Economic Recovery for Post-Conflict Recovery www.econstor.eu.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Finans |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 |
"Econder International Academic Journal" Ekonomi ve İşletmenin tüm yönleriyle ilgili bilimsel makaleler yayınlamaya adanmış uluslararası hakemli bir multidisipliner dergidir. Yılda iki kez çevrimiçi olarak sunulan ve yayınlanan dergide, Ekonomi ve İşletmenin tüm alanlarındaki yeni bulgular ve tartışmalar için dünyanın önde gelen platformlarından biri olmayı hedefliyoruz.
