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Spatial profile of health services and accessibility to hospitals in Turkey: An analysis in the context of social well being

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 259 - 271, 29.12.2020

Öz

Health is regarded as an integral component of well-being that contributes to the development of human capital. Therefore, the emphasis on improving health and inclusiveness of health services is increasing day by day. In this research, health taken as a public service in this context the current situation in health services and the spatial profile of accessibility to hospitals in Turkey aimed to determine. Quantitative research techniques were used in the study. Introductory statistics were used to analyze the current situation in health services, and network analysis was used to determine accessibility to hospitals. Both the introductory indicators on health services and the findings regarding accessibility show that the north-northeast of the country, especially the east of the country, are disadvantageous areas in terms of health services. The existing insufficiencies in health services in the these areas are a limitation in terms of the social well being of the population residing in these areas. This insufficiency also leads to a decrease in satisfaction with services, resulting in a decrease in subjective well being in these regions.

Kaynakça

  • Adom-Asamoah, G., Amoako, C., Adarkwa, K. K. 2020. Gender disparities in rural accessibility and mobility in Ghana. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8(1), 49-58.
  • Ahmadzai, F. 2020. Analyses and modeling of urban land use and road network interactions using spatial-based disaggregate accessibility to land use. Journal of Urban Management, 9(3), 298-315
  • Ahmed, M. A. A., Hamelin-Brabant, L., Gagnon, M. P. 2019. Nomads’ perceptions of quality, accessibility, and affordability of health services as determinants of using skilled birth attendants in Gossi, Mali. Midwifery, 79, 1-9
  • Agbenyo, F., Nunbogu, A. M., Dongzagla, A. 2017. Accessibility mapping of health facilities in rural Ghana. Journal of Transport & Health, 6, 73-83.
  • Ashiagbor, G., Ofori-Asenso, R., Forkuo, E. K., Agyei-Frimpong, S. 2020. Measures of geographic accessibility to health care in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Scientific African, 9, 1-12
  • Ayeni, B., Rushton, G., McNulty, M. L. 1987. Improving the geographical accessibility of health care in rural areas: A Nigerian case study. Social Science & Medicine, 25(10), 1083-1094.
  • Bakioğlu, G., Karaman, H. 2018. Accessibility of medical services following an earthquake: A case study of traffic and economic aspects affecting the Istanbul roadway. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 403-418.
  • Benevenuto, R., Caulfield, B. 2020. Measuring access to urban centres in rural Northeast Brazil: A spatial accessibility poverty index. Journal of Transport Geography, 82, 102553.
  • Bruno, G., Cavola, M., Diglio, A., Piccolo, C. 2020. Improving spatial accessibility to regional health systems through facility capacity management. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 100881.
  • Ceccato, R., Deflorio, F., Diana, M., Pirra, M. 2020. Measure of urban accessibility provided by transport services in Turin: a traveller perspective through a mobility survey. Transportation Research Procedia, 45, 301-308.
  • Chen, Z., Liu, Y., Feng, W., Li, Y., Li, L. 2019. Study on spatial tropism distribution of rural settlements in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region based on natural factors and traffic accessibility. Journal of Rural Studies. In Press.
  • Chan, J., Friborg, J., Zubizarreta, E., van Eck, J. W., Hanna, T. P., Bourque, J. M., ... Petersen, A. J. 2020. Examining geographic accessibility to radiotherapy in Canada and Greenland for indigenous populations: Measuring inequities to inform solutions. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 146, 1-8.
  • Coffee, N., Turner, D., Clark, R. A., Eckert, K., Coombe, D., Hugo, G., ... Tonkin, A. A. 2012. Measuring national accessibility to cardiac services using geographic information systems. Applied Geography, 34, 445-455.
  • Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), 2004. Chronic Poverty Report 2004-05. Manchester: CPRC, University of Manchester.
  • Çoşlu, M., Selim, S., Sönmez, N. K., Koç-San, D. 2016. Network Analysis; Accessibility to Hospitals with Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Techniques: A Case Study of Konyaaltı, Antalya-Turkey. Recent Advances in Health Sciences, 640-647
  • Curtin, K. M. 2007. Network analysis in geographic information science: Review, assessment, and projections. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 34(2), 103-111.
  • Deniz, M. 2018. Uşak Şehrinde Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine Erişilebilirliğin CBS İle Analizi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(26) 475-491.
  • Donnges, C., Foley, V. 2003. Improving Access in Rural Areas-Guidelines for Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning. ILO. ISBN 92-2-113649-3
  • Ghorbanzadeh, M., Kim, K., Ozguven, E. E., Horner, M. W. 2020. A comparative analysis of transportation-based accessibility to mental health services. Transportation Research part D: Transport and Environment, 81, 102278.
  • Erkal, T. 2013. Eskişehir’de acil durum yönetiminde ağ (network) analizlerinin kullanılması. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (61), 11-20.
  • Freiria, S., Tavares, A. O., Julião, R. P. 2019. The benefits of a link-based assessment of health services accessibility: Unveiling gaps in Central Region of Portugal. Land Use Policy, 87, 104034.
  • Freyssenge, J., Renard, F., Derex, L., Fouques, J., Damizet, J. G., El Khoury, C., Tazarourte, K. 2019. Theoretical modeling of spatial accessibility in the management of stroke in the Rhône department (France) and comparison with measured data. Journal of Transport & Health, 15, 100610.
  • Frew, R., Higgs, G., Harding, J., Langford, M. 2017. Investigating geospatial data usability from a health geography perspective using sensitivity analysis: The example of potential accessibility to primary healthcare. Journal of Transport & Health, 6, 128-142.
  • Fu, B., Xu, P., Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, S. 2020. Critical areas linking the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services: Accessibility and geological disasters. Global Ecology and Conservation, 21, e00839.
  • Gartner, A., Farewell, D., Roach, P., Dunstan, F. 2011. Rural/urban mortality differences in England and Wales and the effect of deprivation adjustment. Social Science & Medicine, 72(10), 1685-1694.
  • Geçen, R. 2019. Ağ Analizi Kullanılarak Acil Durumlarda İtfaiye Araçlarının Erişebilirlik Analizi: Ceyhan (Adana) Örneği. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(2), 199-211.
  • Geçen, R., Ölmez, İ. 2018. Antakya’da (Hatay) İtfaiyelerin Acil Durumlarda Erişebilirliği. The Journal of International Social Research, 60(11) , 326-339.
  • Hare, T. S., Barcus, H. R. 2007. Geographical accessibility and Kentucky's heart-related hospital services. Applied Geography, 27(3-4), 181-205.
  • Haynes, R., Gale, S. 2000. Deprivation and poor health in rural areas: inequalities hidden by averages. Health & Place, 6(4), 275-285.
  • Huotari, T., Antikainen, H., Keistinen, T., Rusanen, J. 2017. Accessibility of tertiary hospitals in Finland: a comparison of administrative and normative catchment areas. Social Science & Medicine, 182, 60-67.
  • Jia, P., Xierali, I. M., Wang, F. 2015. Evaluating and re-demarcating the hospital service areas in Florida. Applied Geography, 60, 248-253.
  • Jones, S., Tefe, M., Zephaniah, S., Tedla, E., Appiah-Opoku, S., Walsh, J. 2016. Public transport and health outcomes in rural sub-Saharan Africa–A synthesis of professional opinion. Journal of Transport & Health, 3(2), 211-219.
  • Ishikawa, T., Mizuguchi, H., Murayama, H., Fujiwara, K., Tanikawa, T., Kobayashi, E., Ogasawara, K. 2019. Relationship between accessibility and resources to treat acute ischemic stroke. Hokkaido, Japan: Analysis of inequality and coverage using geographic information systems. Health Policy and Technology, 8(4), 337-342.
  • Kaplan, F., Kuru, Azem, 2019 Mapping Fire Incidents And Evaluating Service Area Of Fire Stations In Fatih Subprovince. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 111-124.
  • Kesik, O. A., Aydınoğlu, A. Ç., Taştan, B. 2016. Ağ Analizi Tekniklerini Kullanarak Afetlerle Başaçıkabilmede Erişebilirlik: İstanbul Fatih İlçesi Örneği. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 20(36). 79-94
  • Kelobonye, K., Zhou, H., McCarney, G., Xia, J. C. 2020. Measuring the accessibility and spatial equity of urban services under competition using the cumulative opportunities measure. Journal of Transport Geography, 85, 102706.
  • Lee, J., Miller, H. J. 2018. Measuring the impacts of new public transit services on space-time accessibility: An analysis of transit system redesign and new bus rapid transit in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Applied Geography, 93, 47-63.
  • Leung, M., Chow, C. B., Ip, P. K. P., Siu-Fai, P. Y. 2020. Geographical accessibility of community social services and incidence of self-harm. Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology, 33, 100334.
  • Lin, Y., Tootoo, J., Allen, M. K., Pinjari, O. F., Soares, J. C., Selek, S. 2019. Geographical access to electroconvulsive therapy services in Texas. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 1135-1138.
  • Mao, L., Nekorchuk, D. 2013. Measuring spatial accessibility to healthcare for populations with multiple transportation modes. Health & Place, 24, 115-122.
  • Mishra, S., Sahu, P. K., Sarkar, A. K., Mehran, B., Sharma, S. 2019. Geo-spatial site suitability analysis for development of health care units in rural India: Effects on habitation accessibility, facility utilization and zonal equity in facility distribution. Journal of Transport Geography, 78, 135-149.
  • Moyano, A., Martínez, H. S., Coronado, J. M. 2018. From network to services: A comparative accessibility analysis of the Spanish high-speed rail system. Transport Policy, 63, 51-60.
  • Mudd, A. E., Michael, Y. L., Diez-Roux, A. V., Maltenfort, M., Moore, K., Melly, S., ... Forrest, C. B. 2020. Primary Care Accessibility Effects on Health Care Utilization among Urban Children. Academic Pediatrics.
  • Ölgen, M. K. 2010. Tıbbi Coğrafya: Tanımı, İçeriği ve Coğrafi Teknolojilerle İlişkisi. Dr. Eren Akçiçek’e Armağan Kitabı, (Ed. Gökser Gökçay) içinde s.143-163. file:/// Tibbi_Cografya_Tanimi_Icerigi_ve_Cografi%20(1).pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.07.2020)
  • Padeiro, M. 2018. Geographical accessibility to community pharmacies by the elderly in metropolitan Lisbon. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(7), 653-662.
  • Pampalon, R., Hamel, D., Gamache, P. 2010. Health inequalities in urban and rural Canada: comparing inequalities in survival according to an individual and area-based deprivation index. Health & Place, 16(2), 416-420.
  • Pedigo, A. S., Odoi, A. 2010. Investigation of disparities in geographic accessibility to emergency stroke and myocardial infarction care in East Tennessee using geographic information systems and network analysis. Annals of Epidemiology, 20(12), 924-930.
  • Plazinić, B. R., Jović, J. 2018. Mobility and transport potential of elderly in differently accessible rural areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 68, 169-180.
  • Pu, Q., Yoo, E. H., Rothstein, D. H., Cairo, S., Malemo, L. 2020. Improving the spatial accessibility of healthcare in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Applied Geography, 121, 102262.
  • Ross, T., Bilas, P., Buliung, R., El-Geneidy, A. 2020. A scoping review of accessible student transport services for children with disabilities. Transport Policy, 95, 57-67.
  • Shah, T. I., Milosavljevic, S., Bath, B. 2017. Measuring geographical accessibility to rural and remote health care services: Challenges and considerations. Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology, 21, 87-96.
  • Tanser, F., Gijsbertsen, B., Herbst, K. 2006. Modelling and understanding primary health care accessibility and utilization in rural South Africa: an exploration using a geographical information system. Social Science & Medicine, 63(3), 691-705.
  • TÜİK, 2019. Sağlık İstatistikleri http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1095 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2019)
  • TÜİK, 2013. Yaşam Memnuniyeti Araştırması Sonuçları https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=65&locale=tr (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2020)
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  • Wang, J., Deng, Y., Song, C., Tian, D. 2016. Measuring time accessibility and its spatial characteristics in the urban areas of Beijing. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(12), 1754-1768.
  • WHO 2008, Effective Aid, Better Health: Report prepared for the Accra High Level Forum on aid effectiveness https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/effective-aid-better-health_9789264055964-en (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2020)
  • Wong, R. C. P., Yang, L., Szeto, W. Y., Li, Y. C., Wong, S. C. 2020. The effects of accessible taxi service and taxi fare subsidy scheme on the elderly's willingness-to-travel. Transport Policy. 97, 129-136.
  • Yin, C., He, Q., Liu, Y., Chen, W., Gao, Y. 2018. Inequality of public health and its role in spatial accessibility to medical facilities in China. Applied Geography, 92, 50-62.

TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ VE HASTANELERE ERİŞEBİLİRLİĞİN MEKANSAL PROFİLİ: SOSYAL REFAH AÇISINDAN BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 259 - 271, 29.12.2020

Öz

Sağlık beşeri sermayenin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayan refahın ayrılmaz bileşenlerinden biri olarak kabul görür. Bu nedenle sağlığın iyileştirilmesi ve sağlık hizmetlerinin kapsayıcılığına ilişkin yapılan vurgu gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kamusal hizmetlerden olan sağlığın ele alındığı bu araştırmada Türkiye’de sağlık hizmetlerinin mevcut durumunun ve hastanelere erişebilirliğin mekansal profilinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma teknikler kullanılmıştır. Sağlık hizmetlerine ilişkin mevcut durumun incelenmesinde tanıtıcı istatistiklerden, hastanelere erişebilirliğin belirlenmesinde ise ağ analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Gerek sağlık hizmetlerine ilişkin tanıtıcı göstergeler gerekse erişebilirliğe ilişkin elde edilen bulgular ülkenin başta doğusu olmak üzere güneyinin de kamusal hizmetlerden olan sağlık hizmetleri açısından dezavantajlı alanlar olduğunu göstermektedir. İfade edilen alanlarda sağlık hizmetleri ile ilgili var olan olumsuzluk bu alanlarda ikamet eden nüfusun sosyal refahı açısından bir sınırlılıktır. Bu olumsuzluk aynı zamanda sosyal refaha ek olarak hizmetlerden duyulan memnuniyetin de azalmasına neden olarak bu bölgelerde öznel refahın da düşük olması sonucunu doğurmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adom-Asamoah, G., Amoako, C., Adarkwa, K. K. 2020. Gender disparities in rural accessibility and mobility in Ghana. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8(1), 49-58.
  • Ahmadzai, F. 2020. Analyses and modeling of urban land use and road network interactions using spatial-based disaggregate accessibility to land use. Journal of Urban Management, 9(3), 298-315
  • Ahmed, M. A. A., Hamelin-Brabant, L., Gagnon, M. P. 2019. Nomads’ perceptions of quality, accessibility, and affordability of health services as determinants of using skilled birth attendants in Gossi, Mali. Midwifery, 79, 1-9
  • Agbenyo, F., Nunbogu, A. M., Dongzagla, A. 2017. Accessibility mapping of health facilities in rural Ghana. Journal of Transport & Health, 6, 73-83.
  • Ashiagbor, G., Ofori-Asenso, R., Forkuo, E. K., Agyei-Frimpong, S. 2020. Measures of geographic accessibility to health care in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Scientific African, 9, 1-12
  • Ayeni, B., Rushton, G., McNulty, M. L. 1987. Improving the geographical accessibility of health care in rural areas: A Nigerian case study. Social Science & Medicine, 25(10), 1083-1094.
  • Bakioğlu, G., Karaman, H. 2018. Accessibility of medical services following an earthquake: A case study of traffic and economic aspects affecting the Istanbul roadway. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 403-418.
  • Benevenuto, R., Caulfield, B. 2020. Measuring access to urban centres in rural Northeast Brazil: A spatial accessibility poverty index. Journal of Transport Geography, 82, 102553.
  • Bruno, G., Cavola, M., Diglio, A., Piccolo, C. 2020. Improving spatial accessibility to regional health systems through facility capacity management. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 100881.
  • Ceccato, R., Deflorio, F., Diana, M., Pirra, M. 2020. Measure of urban accessibility provided by transport services in Turin: a traveller perspective through a mobility survey. Transportation Research Procedia, 45, 301-308.
  • Chen, Z., Liu, Y., Feng, W., Li, Y., Li, L. 2019. Study on spatial tropism distribution of rural settlements in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region based on natural factors and traffic accessibility. Journal of Rural Studies. In Press.
  • Chan, J., Friborg, J., Zubizarreta, E., van Eck, J. W., Hanna, T. P., Bourque, J. M., ... Petersen, A. J. 2020. Examining geographic accessibility to radiotherapy in Canada and Greenland for indigenous populations: Measuring inequities to inform solutions. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 146, 1-8.
  • Coffee, N., Turner, D., Clark, R. A., Eckert, K., Coombe, D., Hugo, G., ... Tonkin, A. A. 2012. Measuring national accessibility to cardiac services using geographic information systems. Applied Geography, 34, 445-455.
  • Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), 2004. Chronic Poverty Report 2004-05. Manchester: CPRC, University of Manchester.
  • Çoşlu, M., Selim, S., Sönmez, N. K., Koç-San, D. 2016. Network Analysis; Accessibility to Hospitals with Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Techniques: A Case Study of Konyaaltı, Antalya-Turkey. Recent Advances in Health Sciences, 640-647
  • Curtin, K. M. 2007. Network analysis in geographic information science: Review, assessment, and projections. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 34(2), 103-111.
  • Deniz, M. 2018. Uşak Şehrinde Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine Erişilebilirliğin CBS İle Analizi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(26) 475-491.
  • Donnges, C., Foley, V. 2003. Improving Access in Rural Areas-Guidelines for Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning. ILO. ISBN 92-2-113649-3
  • Ghorbanzadeh, M., Kim, K., Ozguven, E. E., Horner, M. W. 2020. A comparative analysis of transportation-based accessibility to mental health services. Transportation Research part D: Transport and Environment, 81, 102278.
  • Erkal, T. 2013. Eskişehir’de acil durum yönetiminde ağ (network) analizlerinin kullanılması. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (61), 11-20.
  • Freiria, S., Tavares, A. O., Julião, R. P. 2019. The benefits of a link-based assessment of health services accessibility: Unveiling gaps in Central Region of Portugal. Land Use Policy, 87, 104034.
  • Freyssenge, J., Renard, F., Derex, L., Fouques, J., Damizet, J. G., El Khoury, C., Tazarourte, K. 2019. Theoretical modeling of spatial accessibility in the management of stroke in the Rhône department (France) and comparison with measured data. Journal of Transport & Health, 15, 100610.
  • Frew, R., Higgs, G., Harding, J., Langford, M. 2017. Investigating geospatial data usability from a health geography perspective using sensitivity analysis: The example of potential accessibility to primary healthcare. Journal of Transport & Health, 6, 128-142.
  • Fu, B., Xu, P., Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, S. 2020. Critical areas linking the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services: Accessibility and geological disasters. Global Ecology and Conservation, 21, e00839.
  • Gartner, A., Farewell, D., Roach, P., Dunstan, F. 2011. Rural/urban mortality differences in England and Wales and the effect of deprivation adjustment. Social Science & Medicine, 72(10), 1685-1694.
  • Geçen, R. 2019. Ağ Analizi Kullanılarak Acil Durumlarda İtfaiye Araçlarının Erişebilirlik Analizi: Ceyhan (Adana) Örneği. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(2), 199-211.
  • Geçen, R., Ölmez, İ. 2018. Antakya’da (Hatay) İtfaiyelerin Acil Durumlarda Erişebilirliği. The Journal of International Social Research, 60(11) , 326-339.
  • Hare, T. S., Barcus, H. R. 2007. Geographical accessibility and Kentucky's heart-related hospital services. Applied Geography, 27(3-4), 181-205.
  • Haynes, R., Gale, S. 2000. Deprivation and poor health in rural areas: inequalities hidden by averages. Health & Place, 6(4), 275-285.
  • Huotari, T., Antikainen, H., Keistinen, T., Rusanen, J. 2017. Accessibility of tertiary hospitals in Finland: a comparison of administrative and normative catchment areas. Social Science & Medicine, 182, 60-67.
  • Jia, P., Xierali, I. M., Wang, F. 2015. Evaluating and re-demarcating the hospital service areas in Florida. Applied Geography, 60, 248-253.
  • Jones, S., Tefe, M., Zephaniah, S., Tedla, E., Appiah-Opoku, S., Walsh, J. 2016. Public transport and health outcomes in rural sub-Saharan Africa–A synthesis of professional opinion. Journal of Transport & Health, 3(2), 211-219.
  • Ishikawa, T., Mizuguchi, H., Murayama, H., Fujiwara, K., Tanikawa, T., Kobayashi, E., Ogasawara, K. 2019. Relationship between accessibility and resources to treat acute ischemic stroke. Hokkaido, Japan: Analysis of inequality and coverage using geographic information systems. Health Policy and Technology, 8(4), 337-342.
  • Kaplan, F., Kuru, Azem, 2019 Mapping Fire Incidents And Evaluating Service Area Of Fire Stations In Fatih Subprovince. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 111-124.
  • Kesik, O. A., Aydınoğlu, A. Ç., Taştan, B. 2016. Ağ Analizi Tekniklerini Kullanarak Afetlerle Başaçıkabilmede Erişebilirlik: İstanbul Fatih İlçesi Örneği. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 20(36). 79-94
  • Kelobonye, K., Zhou, H., McCarney, G., Xia, J. C. 2020. Measuring the accessibility and spatial equity of urban services under competition using the cumulative opportunities measure. Journal of Transport Geography, 85, 102706.
  • Lee, J., Miller, H. J. 2018. Measuring the impacts of new public transit services on space-time accessibility: An analysis of transit system redesign and new bus rapid transit in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Applied Geography, 93, 47-63.
  • Leung, M., Chow, C. B., Ip, P. K. P., Siu-Fai, P. Y. 2020. Geographical accessibility of community social services and incidence of self-harm. Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology, 33, 100334.
  • Lin, Y., Tootoo, J., Allen, M. K., Pinjari, O. F., Soares, J. C., Selek, S. 2019. Geographical access to electroconvulsive therapy services in Texas. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 1135-1138.
  • Mao, L., Nekorchuk, D. 2013. Measuring spatial accessibility to healthcare for populations with multiple transportation modes. Health & Place, 24, 115-122.
  • Mishra, S., Sahu, P. K., Sarkar, A. K., Mehran, B., Sharma, S. 2019. Geo-spatial site suitability analysis for development of health care units in rural India: Effects on habitation accessibility, facility utilization and zonal equity in facility distribution. Journal of Transport Geography, 78, 135-149.
  • Moyano, A., Martínez, H. S., Coronado, J. M. 2018. From network to services: A comparative accessibility analysis of the Spanish high-speed rail system. Transport Policy, 63, 51-60.
  • Mudd, A. E., Michael, Y. L., Diez-Roux, A. V., Maltenfort, M., Moore, K., Melly, S., ... Forrest, C. B. 2020. Primary Care Accessibility Effects on Health Care Utilization among Urban Children. Academic Pediatrics.
  • Ölgen, M. K. 2010. Tıbbi Coğrafya: Tanımı, İçeriği ve Coğrafi Teknolojilerle İlişkisi. Dr. Eren Akçiçek’e Armağan Kitabı, (Ed. Gökser Gökçay) içinde s.143-163. file:/// Tibbi_Cografya_Tanimi_Icerigi_ve_Cografi%20(1).pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.07.2020)
  • Padeiro, M. 2018. Geographical accessibility to community pharmacies by the elderly in metropolitan Lisbon. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(7), 653-662.
  • Pampalon, R., Hamel, D., Gamache, P. 2010. Health inequalities in urban and rural Canada: comparing inequalities in survival according to an individual and area-based deprivation index. Health & Place, 16(2), 416-420.
  • Pedigo, A. S., Odoi, A. 2010. Investigation of disparities in geographic accessibility to emergency stroke and myocardial infarction care in East Tennessee using geographic information systems and network analysis. Annals of Epidemiology, 20(12), 924-930.
  • Plazinić, B. R., Jović, J. 2018. Mobility and transport potential of elderly in differently accessible rural areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 68, 169-180.
  • Pu, Q., Yoo, E. H., Rothstein, D. H., Cairo, S., Malemo, L. 2020. Improving the spatial accessibility of healthcare in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Applied Geography, 121, 102262.
  • Ross, T., Bilas, P., Buliung, R., El-Geneidy, A. 2020. A scoping review of accessible student transport services for children with disabilities. Transport Policy, 95, 57-67.
  • Shah, T. I., Milosavljevic, S., Bath, B. 2017. Measuring geographical accessibility to rural and remote health care services: Challenges and considerations. Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology, 21, 87-96.
  • Tanser, F., Gijsbertsen, B., Herbst, K. 2006. Modelling and understanding primary health care accessibility and utilization in rural South Africa: an exploration using a geographical information system. Social Science & Medicine, 63(3), 691-705.
  • TÜİK, 2019. Sağlık İstatistikleri http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1095 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2019)
  • TÜİK, 2013. Yaşam Memnuniyeti Araştırması Sonuçları https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=65&locale=tr (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2020)
  • UN, 2013, Accessibility and Development – Mainstreaming disability in the post-2015 development agenda (https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2013/12/accessibility-and-development-mainstreaming-disability-in-the-post-2015-development-agenda/) (Erişim Tarihi: 14.07.2020)
  • UNDP, 2019 Universal Health Coverage for Sustainable Development - Issue Brief (https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/hiv-aids/universal-health-coverage-for-sustainable-development---issue-br.html) (Erişim Tarihi: 14.07.2020)
  • Wang, J., Deng, Y., Song, C., Tian, D. 2016. Measuring time accessibility and its spatial characteristics in the urban areas of Beijing. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(12), 1754-1768.
  • WHO 2008, Effective Aid, Better Health: Report prepared for the Accra High Level Forum on aid effectiveness https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/effective-aid-better-health_9789264055964-en (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2020)
  • Wong, R. C. P., Yang, L., Szeto, W. Y., Li, Y. C., Wong, S. C. 2020. The effects of accessible taxi service and taxi fare subsidy scheme on the elderly's willingness-to-travel. Transport Policy. 97, 129-136.
  • Yin, C., He, Q., Liu, Y., Chen, W., Gao, Y. 2018. Inequality of public health and its role in spatial accessibility to medical facilities in China. Applied Geography, 92, 50-62.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Öznur Akgiş İlhan 0000-0001-7224-8353

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Ekim 2020
Kabul Tarihi 22 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akgiş İlhan, Ö. (2020). TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ VE HASTANELERE ERİŞEBİLİRLİĞİN MEKANSAL PROFİLİ: SOSYAL REFAH AÇISINDAN BİR ANALİZ. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 29(2), 259-271.