Araştırma Makalesi
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An Analysis of out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 231 - 244, 30.07.2020

Özlem Kuvat Özlem Ayvaz Kızılgöl

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.795986
Cited By: 2

Öz

This study used data acquired from the 2017 Household Budget Survey from the Turkish Statistical Institute and used Logit and Tobit models and researched the risk of out-of-pocket education expenditures creating catastrophic expenditures. The study also researched the interactions of the out-of-pocket education expenditures by 20% income quintile based on the socioeconomic properties of the household. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the catastrophic and out-of-pocket education expenditures increase in situations in which the household annual income, income quintiles, head of household age and education level increased and in which the household owns the house in which it resides. In case of difficult access to education services and increasing household size per equivalent individual, it was seen that out-of-pocket education expenditures decreased. It was concluded that an increase in the number of preschool children and the number of children studying in primary school and university reduced both expenditures but that an increase in the number of children studying in high school increased these expenditures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Out of pocket education expenditures catastrophic expenditures logit model tobit model turkey

Kaynakça

  • Acar, E. Ö., Cilasun, S. M. and Günalp, B. (2016, April). An Analysis of Education Expenditures in Turkey by Income Groups. The Economic Research Forum Working Papers (No. 991), 1-28.
  • Acerenza, S., and Gandelman, N. (2019). Household Education Spending in Latin America And The Caribbean: Evidence From Income And Expenditure Surveys. Education Finance and Policy, 14(1), 61-87.
  • Ahmad, Z. and Batul, T. (2013). Relationship among Poverty, Education Expenditure, and Education Status: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan.. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (1), 3-5.
  • Andreou, S. N. (2012). Analysis of Household Expenditure on Education In Cyprus. Cyprus Economic Policy Review, 6(2), 17-38.
  • Aslam, M. and Kingdon, G. G. (2008). Gender and Household Education Expenditure In Pakistan. Applied Economics, 40(20), 2573-2591.
  • Azam, M., and Kingdon, G. G. (2013). Are Girls The Fairer Sex in India? Revisiting Intra-Household Allocation Of Education Expenditure. World Development, 42, 143-164.
  • Boateng, N. A. (2014). Does Public Expenditure Management Matter For Education Outcomes?. Development Southern Africa, 31(4), 535-552. Çınaroğlu, S. and Şahin, B. (2016). Katastrofik Sağlık Harcaması ve Yoksullaştırıcı Etki. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 19(1), 73-86.
  • Donkoh, S. A. and Amikuzuno, J. A. (2011). The Determinants Of House Hold Education Expenditure in Ghana., Educational Research and Reviews, 6(8), 570-579.
  • Ebaidalla, E. M. (2018). Understanding Household Education Expenditure In Sudan: Do Poor and Rural Households Spendless on Education?. African Journal of Economic Review, 6(1), 160-178.
  • Güngör, G. and Göksu, A. (2013). Türkiye’de Eğitimin Finansmanı ve Ülkelerarası Bir Karşılaştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 59-72.
  • Güriş, S., and Çağlayan, E. (2012). Returns To Education And Wages In Turkey: Robust And Resistant Regression. Quality and Quantity, 46(5), 1407-1416.
  • Habibov, N., and Cheung, A. (2016). The Impact Of Unofficial Out-Of-Pocket Payments On Satisfaction With Education in Post-Soviet Countries. International Journal of Educational Development, 49, 70-79.
  • Kuvat, Ö. and Ayvaz Kızılgöl, Ö. (2018, December). Türkiye’de Katastrofik Sağlık Harcamaları: 2016 Hanehalkı Bütçe Araştırmasının Analizi, II. International Symposium on Economics, Finance and Econometrics, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi, Balıkesir.
  • Mettle, F. O., Nortey, E. N., Aikins, M. and Ennin, C. (2011). Catastrophic Spending on Education in Ghana: An Analysis of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (Fourth Round). Research Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 3(4), 123-129.
  • OECD (2002). Financing Education, Executive Summary, Investment and Returns Analysis of the World Education Indicators, UNESCO/UIS, Paris. Patrinos, H. A., Psacharopoulos, G., and Tansel, A. (2019). Returns To Investment in Education: The Case Of Turkey. Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper 2019/2, 22 pages.
  • Qian, J. X. and Smyth, R. (2011). Educational Expenditure in Urban China: Income Effects, Family Characteristics and The Demand For Domestic and Overseas Education. Applied Economics, 43(24), 3379-3394.
  • Quang, V. (2012). Determinants of Educational Expenditure in Vietnam. International Journal of Applied Economics, 9(1), 59–72.
  • Rizk, R. and Owusu-Afriyie, J. (2014). Determinants of Household Expenditure on Childrens Education in Egypt. International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 5(4), 332-360.
  • Rizk, R., and Abou-Ali, H. (2016, May). Out Of Pocket Education Expenditure And Household Budget: Evidence From Arab Countries. Economic Research Forum Working Papers (No. 996).
  • Sulaiman, N., Ismail, R., Othman, N. and Tin, P. B. (2012). TheDeterminants of Demand For Education Among Households In Malaysia. International Business Management, 6(5), 558-567.
  • Sülkü, S. N. and Abdioğlu, Z. (2014). Cepten Yapılan Eğitim Harcamalarının Hanehalkı Gelirine Mali Yükü: Türkiye İçin İstatistiksel Bir Analiz. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(24), 338-355.
  • Tansel, A. and Bircan, F. (2006). Demand for Education In Turkey: A Tobit Analysis of Private Tutoring Expenditures. Economics Of Education Review, 25(3), 303-313.
  • Tansel, A., and Bodur, F. B. (2012). Wage Inequality And Returns To Education In Turkey: A Quantile Regression Analysis. Review of Development Economics, 16(1), 107-121.
  • Tilak, J. B. (2002). Determinants Of Household Expenditure on Education in Rural India. National Council of Applied Economic Research, (No. 88). New Delhi:
  • TÜİK (2017), Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi Mikro Veri Seti, Ankara.
  • TÜİK, http://www.tuik.gov.tr (01.01.2019). Ulusoy, B. and Yolcu, H. (2014). Household Expenditures on Education by Parents of Students Attending Publics Chools at the Primary Education Level. Kastamonu Education Journal, 22(3), 1091-1112.
  • Wagstaff A. and Van Doorslaer E. (2003). Catastrophe and Impoverishment in Paying for Health Care: With Applications to Vietnam 1993-1998. Health Economics,12(11), 921-34.
  • Wongmonta, S., and Glewwe, P. (2017). An Analysis Of Gender Differences In Household Education Expenditure: The Case Of Thailand. Education Economics, 25(2), 183-204.
  • Xu, K.,Evans, D. B., Kadama, P., Nabyonga, J., Ogwal, P. O., Nabukhonzo, P. and Aguilar, A. M. (2007). Understanding the Impact of Eliminating User Fees: Utilization and Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Uganda, Social Science &Medicine, 62, 866-876.
  • Yereli, A. B., Köktaş, A. M. and Selçuk, I. Ş. (2014). Türkiye’de Katastrofik Sağlık Harcamalarını Etkileyen Faktörler. Sosyoekonomi, 2, 273-296.
  • Yolcu, H. (2011). Hanehalkının Eğitim Harcamalarını Etkileyen Etmenler: Kuramsal Bir Çalışma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(5), 12-35.
  • Yumuşak, İ. (2008). Beşeri Sermayenin Iktisadi Önemi ve Türkiye’nin Beşeri Sermaye Potansiyeli. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, (55), 3-48.
  • Zhang, Y., and Zhou, X. (2017). Can Higher Household Education Expenditure Improve the National College Entrance Exam Performance? Empirical Evidence from Jinan, China. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 19(2), 8-32.

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 231 - 244, 30.07.2020

Özlem Kuvat Özlem Ayvaz Kızılgöl

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.795986
Cited By: 2

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acar, E. Ö., Cilasun, S. M. and Günalp, B. (2016, April). An Analysis of Education Expenditures in Turkey by Income Groups. The Economic Research Forum Working Papers (No. 991), 1-28.
  • Acerenza, S., and Gandelman, N. (2019). Household Education Spending in Latin America And The Caribbean: Evidence From Income And Expenditure Surveys. Education Finance and Policy, 14(1), 61-87.
  • Ahmad, Z. and Batul, T. (2013). Relationship among Poverty, Education Expenditure, and Education Status: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan.. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (1), 3-5.
  • Andreou, S. N. (2012). Analysis of Household Expenditure on Education In Cyprus. Cyprus Economic Policy Review, 6(2), 17-38.
  • Aslam, M. and Kingdon, G. G. (2008). Gender and Household Education Expenditure In Pakistan. Applied Economics, 40(20), 2573-2591.
  • Azam, M., and Kingdon, G. G. (2013). Are Girls The Fairer Sex in India? Revisiting Intra-Household Allocation Of Education Expenditure. World Development, 42, 143-164.
  • Boateng, N. A. (2014). Does Public Expenditure Management Matter For Education Outcomes?. Development Southern Africa, 31(4), 535-552. Çınaroğlu, S. and Şahin, B. (2016). Katastrofik Sağlık Harcaması ve Yoksullaştırıcı Etki. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 19(1), 73-86.
  • Donkoh, S. A. and Amikuzuno, J. A. (2011). The Determinants Of House Hold Education Expenditure in Ghana., Educational Research and Reviews, 6(8), 570-579.
  • Ebaidalla, E. M. (2018). Understanding Household Education Expenditure In Sudan: Do Poor and Rural Households Spendless on Education?. African Journal of Economic Review, 6(1), 160-178.
  • Güngör, G. and Göksu, A. (2013). Türkiye’de Eğitimin Finansmanı ve Ülkelerarası Bir Karşılaştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 59-72.
  • Güriş, S., and Çağlayan, E. (2012). Returns To Education And Wages In Turkey: Robust And Resistant Regression. Quality and Quantity, 46(5), 1407-1416.
  • Habibov, N., and Cheung, A. (2016). The Impact Of Unofficial Out-Of-Pocket Payments On Satisfaction With Education in Post-Soviet Countries. International Journal of Educational Development, 49, 70-79.
  • Kuvat, Ö. and Ayvaz Kızılgöl, Ö. (2018, December). Türkiye’de Katastrofik Sağlık Harcamaları: 2016 Hanehalkı Bütçe Araştırmasının Analizi, II. International Symposium on Economics, Finance and Econometrics, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi, Balıkesir.
  • Mettle, F. O., Nortey, E. N., Aikins, M. and Ennin, C. (2011). Catastrophic Spending on Education in Ghana: An Analysis of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (Fourth Round). Research Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 3(4), 123-129.
  • OECD (2002). Financing Education, Executive Summary, Investment and Returns Analysis of the World Education Indicators, UNESCO/UIS, Paris. Patrinos, H. A., Psacharopoulos, G., and Tansel, A. (2019). Returns To Investment in Education: The Case Of Turkey. Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper 2019/2, 22 pages.
  • Qian, J. X. and Smyth, R. (2011). Educational Expenditure in Urban China: Income Effects, Family Characteristics and The Demand For Domestic and Overseas Education. Applied Economics, 43(24), 3379-3394.
  • Quang, V. (2012). Determinants of Educational Expenditure in Vietnam. International Journal of Applied Economics, 9(1), 59–72.
  • Rizk, R. and Owusu-Afriyie, J. (2014). Determinants of Household Expenditure on Childrens Education in Egypt. International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 5(4), 332-360.
  • Rizk, R., and Abou-Ali, H. (2016, May). Out Of Pocket Education Expenditure And Household Budget: Evidence From Arab Countries. Economic Research Forum Working Papers (No. 996).
  • Sulaiman, N., Ismail, R., Othman, N. and Tin, P. B. (2012). TheDeterminants of Demand For Education Among Households In Malaysia. International Business Management, 6(5), 558-567.
  • Sülkü, S. N. and Abdioğlu, Z. (2014). Cepten Yapılan Eğitim Harcamalarının Hanehalkı Gelirine Mali Yükü: Türkiye İçin İstatistiksel Bir Analiz. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(24), 338-355.
  • Tansel, A. and Bircan, F. (2006). Demand for Education In Turkey: A Tobit Analysis of Private Tutoring Expenditures. Economics Of Education Review, 25(3), 303-313.
  • Tansel, A., and Bodur, F. B. (2012). Wage Inequality And Returns To Education In Turkey: A Quantile Regression Analysis. Review of Development Economics, 16(1), 107-121.
  • Tilak, J. B. (2002). Determinants Of Household Expenditure on Education in Rural India. National Council of Applied Economic Research, (No. 88). New Delhi:
  • TÜİK (2017), Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi Mikro Veri Seti, Ankara.
  • TÜİK, http://www.tuik.gov.tr (01.01.2019). Ulusoy, B. and Yolcu, H. (2014). Household Expenditures on Education by Parents of Students Attending Publics Chools at the Primary Education Level. Kastamonu Education Journal, 22(3), 1091-1112.
  • Wagstaff A. and Van Doorslaer E. (2003). Catastrophe and Impoverishment in Paying for Health Care: With Applications to Vietnam 1993-1998. Health Economics,12(11), 921-34.
  • Wongmonta, S., and Glewwe, P. (2017). An Analysis Of Gender Differences In Household Education Expenditure: The Case Of Thailand. Education Economics, 25(2), 183-204.
  • Xu, K.,Evans, D. B., Kadama, P., Nabyonga, J., Ogwal, P. O., Nabukhonzo, P. and Aguilar, A. M. (2007). Understanding the Impact of Eliminating User Fees: Utilization and Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Uganda, Social Science &Medicine, 62, 866-876.
  • Yereli, A. B., Köktaş, A. M. and Selçuk, I. Ş. (2014). Türkiye’de Katastrofik Sağlık Harcamalarını Etkileyen Faktörler. Sosyoekonomi, 2, 273-296.
  • Yolcu, H. (2011). Hanehalkının Eğitim Harcamalarını Etkileyen Etmenler: Kuramsal Bir Çalışma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(5), 12-35.
  • Yumuşak, İ. (2008). Beşeri Sermayenin Iktisadi Önemi ve Türkiye’nin Beşeri Sermaye Potansiyeli. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, (55), 3-48.
  • Zhang, Y., and Zhou, X. (2017). Can Higher Household Education Expenditure Improve the National College Entrance Exam Performance? Empirical Evidence from Jinan, China. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 19(2), 8-32.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Özlem Kuvat 0000-0001-7017-4557

Özlem Ayvaz Kızılgöl Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2020
Kabul Tarihi 28 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuvat, Ö., & Ayvaz Kızılgöl, Ö. (2020). An Analysis of out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models. Ege Academic Review, 20(3), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.795986
AMA Kuvat Ö, Ayvaz Kızılgöl Ö. An Analysis of out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models. eab. Temmuz 2020;20(3):231-244. doi:10.21121/eab.795986
Chicago Kuvat, Özlem, ve Özlem Ayvaz Kızılgöl. “An Analysis of Out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models”. Ege Academic Review 20, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2020): 231-44. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.795986.
EndNote Kuvat Ö, Ayvaz Kızılgöl Ö (01 Temmuz 2020) An Analysis of out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models. Ege Academic Review 20 3 231–244.
IEEE Ö. Kuvat ve Ö. Ayvaz Kızılgöl, “An Analysis of out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models”, eab, c. 20, sy. 3, ss. 231–244, 2020, doi: 10.21121/eab.795986.
ISNAD Kuvat, Özlem - Ayvaz Kızılgöl, Özlem. “An Analysis of Out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models”. Ege Academic Review 20/3 (Temmuz 2020), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.795986.
JAMA Kuvat Ö, Ayvaz Kızılgöl Ö. An Analysis of out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models. eab. 2020;20:231–244.
MLA Kuvat, Özlem ve Özlem Ayvaz Kızılgöl. “An Analysis of Out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models”. Ege Academic Review, c. 20, sy. 3, 2020, ss. 231-44, doi:10.21121/eab.795986.
Vancouver Kuvat Ö, Ayvaz Kızılgöl Ö. An Analysis of out of Pocket Education Expenditures in Turkey: Logit and Tobit Models. eab. 2020;20(3):231-44.

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