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Yenilenebilir Enerji ile İstihdam Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye için ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 741 - 754, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1126460

Öz

Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile istihdam arasındaki ilişkiyi ampirik olarak analiz etmektir. Bu çerçevede söz konusu ilişkinin varlığı 1980-2019 dönemine ait yıllık istihdam, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, birincil enerji tüketimi ve sermaye hasıla katsayısı verileri yardımıyla ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki Peseran vd. (2001) tarafından geliştirilen ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile ampirik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen ARDL sınır testi sonuçlarına göre, uzun dönemde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile istihdam arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu yani serilerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiğine ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca elde edilen uzun dönem katsayılarına göre, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimindeki %1’lik bir artışın istihdamı %0.1 arttırdığı ifade edilebilir. Nitekim Türkiye’de gelecek yıllarda yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına olan yatırımların ve talebin artması ile birlikte bu durumun istihdam üzerinde daha etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • AFOLAYAN, T.O. (2019). ‘‘Reducing Unemployment Malaise in Nigeria: the Role of Electricity Consumption and Human Capital Development’’, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(4), 63-73.
  • AĞPAK, F., & ÖZÇİÇEK, Ö. (2018). ‘‘Bir İstihdam Politikası Aracı Olarak Yenilenebilir Enerji’’, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 112-128.
  • AKARCA, A., & LONG, T. (1979). ‘‘Energy and Employment: A Time-Series Analysis of the Causal Relationship’’, Resources and Energy, 2(2-3), 151-162.
  • ALGÜL, Y., & KAYA, V. (2021). ‘‘Comparison of Employment Impacts of Renewable and Fossil Energy Based Electricity Sectors: The Case of Turkey’’, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi’’, 24(2), 421-439.
  • CHANG, T., FANG, W., & WEN, L-F. (2001). ‘‘Energy Consumption, Employment, Outpot, and Temporal Causality: Evindence From Taiwan Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques’’, Applied Economics, 33(8), 1045-1056.
  • CHEN, Y. (2018). ‘‘Renewable Energy ınvestment and Employment in China’’, International Review of Applied Economics, 33(3), 314-334.
  • ÇELİK, O. (2021). ‘‘Assesstment of the Relationship Between Renewable Energy and Employment of the United States of America: Empirical Evindence from Spectral Granger Causality’’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 13047-13054.
  • GLASURE, Y.U., & LEE, A-R. (1995). ‘‘Relationship Between U.S. Energy Consumption and Employment: Further Evindence’’, Energy Sources, 17(5), 509-516.
  • IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency, ‘‘Renewable Energy and Job Annual Review 2019’’,https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Jun/IRENA_RE_Jobs_2019-report.pdf, 27.04.2022
  • IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency, ‘‘Renewable Energy and Job Annual Review 2021’’, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Oct/IRENA_RE_Jobs_2021.pdf, 28.04.2022
  • KARACA, C., EŞGÜNOĞLU, M., & ULUTAŞ, A. (2017). ‘‘Türkiye’de Optimal Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynağının COPRAS Yöntemiyle Tespiti ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Yatırımlarının İstihdam Arttırıcı Etkisi’’, Maliye Dergisi, 172, 111-132.
  • KHOBAI, H., KOLISI, N., MOYO, C., ANYIKWA, I., & DINGELA, S. (2020). ‘‘Renewable Energy Consumption and Unemployment in South Africa’’, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(2), 170-178.
  • ÖZSOY, N.E., & ÖZPOLAT, A. (2020). ‘‘Yenilenebilir Enerji ve İstihdam İlişkisi: BOOSTRAP Granger Nedensellik Analizi’’, Uluslararası Ekonomi, İşletme ve Politika Dergisi, 4(2), 263-280.
  • PAO, T-H., & FU, C-H. (2013). ‘‘The Causal Relationship Between Energy Resources and Economic Growth in Brazil’’, Energy Policy, 61, 793-801.
  • PAYNE, J.E. (2009). ‘‘On the Dynamics of Energy Consumption and Employment in Illinois’’, Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, 39(2), 1-5.
  • PESERAN, M.H., SHIN, Y., & SMITH, R.J. (2001). ‘‘Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationship’’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • SARI, R., EWING, B., & SOYTAŞ, U. (2008). ‘‘The Relationship Between Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Industrial Production in the United States: An ARDL Approach’’, Energy Economics, 30(5), 2302-2313.
  • SHAKOURI, B., & YAZDI, K.S. (2017). ‘‘Causality Between Renewable Energy, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth’’, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(9), 838-845.
  • TÜRKİYE Cumhuriyeti Kalkınma Bakanlığı, ‘‘Onuncu Kalkınma Planı’’, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Onuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2014-2018.pdf, 27.04.2022
  • YU, E.S.H., & JIN, J.C. (1992). ‘‘Cointegration Tests of Energy Comsumption, Income, and Employment’’, Resources and Energy, 14(3), 259-266.
  • YU, E.S.H., CHOW, P.C.Y., & CHOI, J.Y. (1987). ‘‘The Causal Relationship Between Energy and Employment: An Reexamination’’, Energy System and Policy, 11, 249-272.
  • ZHAO, XU., & LUO, D. (2017). ‘‘Driving Force of Rising Renewable Energy in China: Environment, Regulation and Employment’’, Renewable Energy and Sustainable Reviews, 68(1), 48-56.

The Relationship between Renewable Energy and Employment: ARDL Bounds Test Approach for Turkey

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 741 - 754, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1126460

Öz

The aim of this study is to empirically analyze the relationship between renewable energy consumption and employment in Turkey. In this context, the existence of the said relationship is discussed with the help of annual employment, renewable energy consumption, primary energy consumption and capital output coefficient data for the period of 1980-2019. In this context, the long-term relationship between the variables Peseran et al. (2001) was analyzed empirically with the ARDL bounds test approach. According to the ARDL bounds test results obtained, it has been found that there is a cointegration relationship between renewable energy consumption and employment in the long run, that is, the series move together in the long run. In addition, according to the long-term coefficients obtained, it can be stated that a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption increases employment by 0.1%. As a matter of fact, it is thought that this situation will be more effective on employment with the increase in investments and demand for renewable energy sources in Turkey in the coming years.

Kaynakça

  • AFOLAYAN, T.O. (2019). ‘‘Reducing Unemployment Malaise in Nigeria: the Role of Electricity Consumption and Human Capital Development’’, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(4), 63-73.
  • AĞPAK, F., & ÖZÇİÇEK, Ö. (2018). ‘‘Bir İstihdam Politikası Aracı Olarak Yenilenebilir Enerji’’, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 112-128.
  • AKARCA, A., & LONG, T. (1979). ‘‘Energy and Employment: A Time-Series Analysis of the Causal Relationship’’, Resources and Energy, 2(2-3), 151-162.
  • ALGÜL, Y., & KAYA, V. (2021). ‘‘Comparison of Employment Impacts of Renewable and Fossil Energy Based Electricity Sectors: The Case of Turkey’’, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi’’, 24(2), 421-439.
  • CHANG, T., FANG, W., & WEN, L-F. (2001). ‘‘Energy Consumption, Employment, Outpot, and Temporal Causality: Evindence From Taiwan Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques’’, Applied Economics, 33(8), 1045-1056.
  • CHEN, Y. (2018). ‘‘Renewable Energy ınvestment and Employment in China’’, International Review of Applied Economics, 33(3), 314-334.
  • ÇELİK, O. (2021). ‘‘Assesstment of the Relationship Between Renewable Energy and Employment of the United States of America: Empirical Evindence from Spectral Granger Causality’’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 13047-13054.
  • GLASURE, Y.U., & LEE, A-R. (1995). ‘‘Relationship Between U.S. Energy Consumption and Employment: Further Evindence’’, Energy Sources, 17(5), 509-516.
  • IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency, ‘‘Renewable Energy and Job Annual Review 2019’’,https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Jun/IRENA_RE_Jobs_2019-report.pdf, 27.04.2022
  • IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency, ‘‘Renewable Energy and Job Annual Review 2021’’, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Oct/IRENA_RE_Jobs_2021.pdf, 28.04.2022
  • KARACA, C., EŞGÜNOĞLU, M., & ULUTAŞ, A. (2017). ‘‘Türkiye’de Optimal Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynağının COPRAS Yöntemiyle Tespiti ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Yatırımlarının İstihdam Arttırıcı Etkisi’’, Maliye Dergisi, 172, 111-132.
  • KHOBAI, H., KOLISI, N., MOYO, C., ANYIKWA, I., & DINGELA, S. (2020). ‘‘Renewable Energy Consumption and Unemployment in South Africa’’, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(2), 170-178.
  • ÖZSOY, N.E., & ÖZPOLAT, A. (2020). ‘‘Yenilenebilir Enerji ve İstihdam İlişkisi: BOOSTRAP Granger Nedensellik Analizi’’, Uluslararası Ekonomi, İşletme ve Politika Dergisi, 4(2), 263-280.
  • PAO, T-H., & FU, C-H. (2013). ‘‘The Causal Relationship Between Energy Resources and Economic Growth in Brazil’’, Energy Policy, 61, 793-801.
  • PAYNE, J.E. (2009). ‘‘On the Dynamics of Energy Consumption and Employment in Illinois’’, Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, 39(2), 1-5.
  • PESERAN, M.H., SHIN, Y., & SMITH, R.J. (2001). ‘‘Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationship’’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • SARI, R., EWING, B., & SOYTAŞ, U. (2008). ‘‘The Relationship Between Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Industrial Production in the United States: An ARDL Approach’’, Energy Economics, 30(5), 2302-2313.
  • SHAKOURI, B., & YAZDI, K.S. (2017). ‘‘Causality Between Renewable Energy, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth’’, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(9), 838-845.
  • TÜRKİYE Cumhuriyeti Kalkınma Bakanlığı, ‘‘Onuncu Kalkınma Planı’’, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Onuncu_Kalkinma_Plani-2014-2018.pdf, 27.04.2022
  • YU, E.S.H., & JIN, J.C. (1992). ‘‘Cointegration Tests of Energy Comsumption, Income, and Employment’’, Resources and Energy, 14(3), 259-266.
  • YU, E.S.H., CHOW, P.C.Y., & CHOI, J.Y. (1987). ‘‘The Causal Relationship Between Energy and Employment: An Reexamination’’, Energy System and Policy, 11, 249-272.
  • ZHAO, XU., & LUO, D. (2017). ‘‘Driving Force of Rising Renewable Energy in China: Environment, Regulation and Employment’’, Renewable Energy and Sustainable Reviews, 68(1), 48-56.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seyit Ordu 0000-0002-3203-9378

Mehmet Songur 0000-0003-4763-9314

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 3 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ordu, S., & Songur, M. (2023). Yenilenebilir Enerji ile İstihdam Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye için ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 7(2), 741-754. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1126460