Research Article
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Syrian Refugees and Peaceful Coexistence: Dining Spaces as Contact Points

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 99, 125 - 144, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.786122

Abstract

Suriye’deki iç savaş sebebiyle, 2011 yılından bu yana Türkiye pek çok bölgesini etkileyen bir sığınmacı akımıyla karşı karşıyadır. Ülkenin büyük şehirlerinden biri olan Konya yüz binin üzerinde sığınmacı gelişiyle uzun zamandır göçten kaynaklanan problemlerle yüzleşmektedir. Bu çalışma, zaruri göçle ülkeye gelenlere karşı sergilenen önyargı ve olumsuz tutumların, sığınmacılarla yerel halk arasındaki temas noktalarının arttırılmasıyla azalacağı fikri üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Günlük rutin ilişkiler yanında, çeşitli ülkelerden sığınmacıların genelde ilk ticari girişimleri olan yeme içme mekanlarının, bu çalışmada tatlıcı ve lokantaların, gruplar arasında temas için ideal noktalar olduğu düşünülmektedir. Konya’da -bir proje kapsamında- bu konuda yerel halktan 423 kişi ile bir anket gerçekleştirilmiş, ayrıca dört Suriyeli yeme içme mekanı sahibiyle de temas ve Türklerin ilgisi üzerine mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Araştırmada temel olarak nicel verilerin temasa ilişkin sorularda farklılık gösterip göstermediği varyans analizi kullanılarak anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. MANOVA sonuçları genel olarak temasın ötesinde, yabancıların işlettiği mekanları ziyaret edenlerin Suriyelilere karşı daha düşük olumsuz algıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Supporting Institution

Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi

Project Number

181222002

References

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  • Akın, Ş., Akın & H. B. (2017). The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Turkey-EU Relations: Responses in Politics. Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 19 (32): 141-150. Retrieved from http://dergi.kmu.edu.tr/ userfiles/files/17-Bahadır%20Akın.pdf
  • Allport, G.W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  • Alp, Ç., Apiş, İ. Y, Hazneci, H., Küçükçavuş, M. A. & Ertunç, M.A, (2018). Syrians in Turkey Special Report. Ombudsman Institution of the Republic of Turkey, Ankara. Retrieved from https://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/ syrians/special_report.pdf
  • Amir, Y. (1969). Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71(5), 319-342. DOI: 10.1037/h0027352
  • Arvela, P. (2013). Ethnic food: the other in ourselves. In D. Sanderson & M. Crouch (Eds.), Food: Expressions and Impressions, Oxford, United Kingdom: Inter-Disciplinary Press, pp. 45-56. Retrieved from https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2109& context=lhapapers
  • Binder, J., Zagefka, H., Brown, R., Funke, F., Kessler, T. & Mummendey, A. (2009). Does Contact Reduce Prejudice or Does Prejudice Reduce Contact? A Longitudinal Test of the Contact Hypothesis Among Majority and Minority Groups in Three European Countries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 96, No. 4, 843-856.
  • Böhm, R., Rusch, H. & Baron, J., (2018). The psychology of intergroup conflict: A review of theories and measures, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, (in press): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jebo.2018.01.020
  • Capozza, D., Trifiletti, E., Vezzali, L. & Favara, I. (2013). Can intergroup contact improve humanity attributions? International Journal of Psychology, Vol. 48, No. 4, 527–541.
  • Czeranowska, O. (2018). Attitudes towards immigrants of other race or ethnic origin – Polish dataset from round 7 of the European Social Survey, Centre of Migration Research Research Papers Working Papers 109/167, Retrieved from http://www.migracje.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WP109167.pdf
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2017). Urban Refugees from “Detachment” to “Harmonizatıon” Syrian Refugees and Process Management of Municipalities: The Case of Istanbul. Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Kültür Yayınları. Retrieved from http://marmara.gov.tr/UserFiles/ Attachments/ 2017/05/09/5c68e8fe-6a35-4411-88f1-2f685bf4b1da.pdf
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  • Karataş, M. (2015). Türk yazılı basınında Suriyeli sığınmacılar ile halk arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, The Journal of Migration Studies, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 2, Temmuz-Aralık: 112-151. Retrieved from http://www.gam.gov.tr/files/sayi2-4.pdf
  • Kaya, A., Kayaoğlu, A. (2017). Individual determinants of anti-muslim prejudice in the EU-15. Uluslararası İlişkiler, Volume 14, No. 53: 45-68. Retrieved from https://www.uidergisi.com.tr/source/JUI_2017_53_ 45_68.pdf
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  • Koyuncu, A. (2018). Misafirlikten vatandaşlığa Türkiye’de geçici koruma altındaki Suriyeliler. Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies, Yaz 2018, (3)2: 171-195. DOI: 10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0009
  • Küçükcan, T. (2010). Arab image in Turkey. SETA Research Report, No.1. Retrieved from http://file.setav.org/Files/Pdf/arab-image-in-turkey.pdf
  • Küçükkömürler, S. & Sakalli-Uğurlu, N. (2017). Gruplararası ilişkileri düzenlemede sosyal temas kuramları: gruplar arası, yayılmacı ve hayali temas. Nesne, 5(9), 1-31. Retrieved from http://www.nesnedergisi. com/makale/pdf/1466592418.pdf
  • Lauren, F. (2015). Budapest foodies hope cuisine can help heal anti-migrant prejudice. NPR, October 6, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/06/ 445999732/budapest-foodies-hope-cuisine-can-help-heal-anti-migrant-prejudice
  • Leibbrandt, A. & Saaksvuori, L. (2012). Communication in intergroup conflicts. European Economic Review 56, 1136–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.05.003
  • Liebkind, K. M. & Alfred, L. (1999). Extended contact through peer modelling to promote tolerance in Finland. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 765-780. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<765::AID-EJSP958>3.0.CO;2-J
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  • McGregor, E. & Nora, R. (2016). The role of culture and the arts in the integration of refugees and migrants. European Expert Network on Culture and Audiovisual (EENCA), Retrieved from https://www.merit. unu.edu/publications/uploads/1473335881.pdf
  • McKeown, S. & Dixon, J. (2017). The ‘contact hypothesis’: Critical reflections and future directions. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(1), [e12295]. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12295
  • Oussedik, S. (2012). Food and cuisine: part of the migration process. Quaderns de la Mediterrània, 17, pp.55-60 Retrieved from https://www.iemed.org/observatori/arees-danalisi/arxius-adjunts/qm-17-originals/qm17Oussedik. pdf-fr/at_download/file
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  • Quadır, S. E. & Kabaklı, L. Ç. (2018). Türk vatandaşlarının Suriyeli sığınmacılarla ilgili görüşleri (Konya ili örneği). Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi,53 (2): 327-345. DOI:10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.18.05.906
  • Sade, G. (2019). Suriyeli sığınmacılara bakış 3 yılda büyük oranda olumsuz yönde değişti, Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/2019/07/29/suriyeli-siginmacilara-bakis-3-yilda-buyuk-oranda-olumsuz-yonde-degisti
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  • Schmid, K., Hewstone, M., Küpper, B., Zick, A. & Tausch, N., (2014). Reducing aggressive intergroup action tendencies: effects of intergroup contact via perceived intergroup threat, Aggressive Behavior, Volume 40, p. 250–262. DOI:10.1002/ab.21516
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Suriyeli Sığınmacılar ve Barış içinde Birarada Yaşama: Temas Noktası Olarak Yeme İçme Mekânları

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 99, 125 - 144, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.786122

Abstract

Due to the civil war in Syria, Turkey has experienced a flow of refugees affecting many regions within the country since 2011. Konya -as one of the major cities in the country- received more than one hundred thousand people, thus being one of the big cities confronted with problems related to immigration. This study is based on the idea that the prejudice and negative attitudes can be reduced by increasing contact points between refugees and locals. With the assertion that along with routine daily relationships, places for dining -which are one of the first entrepreneurial initials of refugees- are ideal places for contact for these groups. A survey was carried out in Konya with 423 locals and four interviews were conducted with Syrian restaurant owners. The results of MANOVA show that besides having any type of contact, visitors of the restaurants run by foreigners have less negative perceptions towards Syrian refugees.

Project Number

181222002

References

  • Akcapar, S.K. & Simsek, D. (2018). The Politics of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Question of Inclusion and Exclusion through Citizenship. Social Inclusion, 2018, Volume 6, Issue 1: 176–187. Retrieved from https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/1323/1323
  • Akın, Ş., Akın & H. B. (2017). The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Turkey-EU Relations: Responses in Politics. Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 19 (32): 141-150. Retrieved from http://dergi.kmu.edu.tr/ userfiles/files/17-Bahadır%20Akın.pdf
  • Allport, G.W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  • Alp, Ç., Apiş, İ. Y, Hazneci, H., Küçükçavuş, M. A. & Ertunç, M.A, (2018). Syrians in Turkey Special Report. Ombudsman Institution of the Republic of Turkey, Ankara. Retrieved from https://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/ syrians/special_report.pdf
  • Amir, Y. (1969). Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71(5), 319-342. DOI: 10.1037/h0027352
  • Arvela, P. (2013). Ethnic food: the other in ourselves. In D. Sanderson & M. Crouch (Eds.), Food: Expressions and Impressions, Oxford, United Kingdom: Inter-Disciplinary Press, pp. 45-56. Retrieved from https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2109& context=lhapapers
  • Binder, J., Zagefka, H., Brown, R., Funke, F., Kessler, T. & Mummendey, A. (2009). Does Contact Reduce Prejudice or Does Prejudice Reduce Contact? A Longitudinal Test of the Contact Hypothesis Among Majority and Minority Groups in Three European Countries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 96, No. 4, 843-856.
  • Böhm, R., Rusch, H. & Baron, J., (2018). The psychology of intergroup conflict: A review of theories and measures, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, (in press): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jebo.2018.01.020
  • Capozza, D., Trifiletti, E., Vezzali, L. & Favara, I. (2013). Can intergroup contact improve humanity attributions? International Journal of Psychology, Vol. 48, No. 4, 527–541.
  • Czeranowska, O. (2018). Attitudes towards immigrants of other race or ethnic origin – Polish dataset from round 7 of the European Social Survey, Centre of Migration Research Research Papers Working Papers 109/167, Retrieved from http://www.migracje.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WP109167.pdf
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2017). Urban Refugees from “Detachment” to “Harmonizatıon” Syrian Refugees and Process Management of Municipalities: The Case of Istanbul. Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Kültür Yayınları. Retrieved from http://marmara.gov.tr/UserFiles/ Attachments/ 2017/05/09/5c68e8fe-6a35-4411-88f1-2f685bf4b1da.pdf
  • Erdoğan, M.M. (2015). Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler: Toplumsal Kabul ve Uyum- Syrians in Turkey: Social Acceptence and Integration. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Göç ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Merkezi, Ankara. Retrieved from http://fs.hacettepe.edu.tr/hugo/ dosyalar/HUGO-REPORT- SyriansinTurkey.pdf
  • Frayer, L. (2015). Budapest Foodies Hope Cuisine Can Help Heal Anti-Migrant Prejudice. NPR, October 6, 2015, Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/06/ 445999732/budapest-foodies-hope-cuisine-can-help-heal-anti-migrant-prejudice
  • Geoff, N. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics, Adv in Health Sci Educ 15: 625-632. doi: 10.1007/s10459-010-9222-y.
  • Göç İdaresi, 2019. İstatistikler, Geçici Koruma (07 November 2019) Retrieved from https://www.goc.gov.tr/ gecici-koruma5638
  • Hahs-Vaughn, D. L. (2017). Applied multivariate statistical concepts, Routledge.
  • Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition, Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hendriks,P., van Doorn, Lia & van Ewijk, Hans J.P. (2015). Turkish and Moroccan Dutch professionals in social work. European Journal of Social Work, DOI:10.1080/13691457.2015.1030362
  • Hodson, G. (2011). Do ideologically intolerant people benefit from intergroup contact? Current Directions in Psychological Science 20 (3) 154-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0963721411409025
  • Huberty, C. J., Olejnik, S. (2006). Applied MANOVA and discriminant analysis, 2nd ed. Wiley Interscience.
  • Jung, D. (2005). Turkey and the Arab World: Historical narratives and new political realities. Mediterranean Politics, Vol.10, No.1, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1362939042000338818
  • Karataş, M. (2015). Türk yazılı basınında Suriyeli sığınmacılar ile halk arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, The Journal of Migration Studies, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 2, Temmuz-Aralık: 112-151. Retrieved from http://www.gam.gov.tr/files/sayi2-4.pdf
  • Kaya, A., Kayaoğlu, A. (2017). Individual determinants of anti-muslim prejudice in the EU-15. Uluslararası İlişkiler, Volume 14, No. 53: 45-68. Retrieved from https://www.uidergisi.com.tr/source/JUI_2017_53_ 45_68.pdf
  • Kirişçi, K. (2014). Syrian refugees and Turkey’s challenges: Going beyond hospitality. Brookings, Washington. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Syrian-Refugees-and-Turkeys-Challenges- May-14-2014.pdf
  • Koyuncu, A. (2018). Misafirlikten vatandaşlığa Türkiye’de geçici koruma altındaki Suriyeliler. Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies, Yaz 2018, (3)2: 171-195. DOI: 10.12738/mejrs.2018.3.2.0009
  • Küçükcan, T. (2010). Arab image in Turkey. SETA Research Report, No.1. Retrieved from http://file.setav.org/Files/Pdf/arab-image-in-turkey.pdf
  • Küçükkömürler, S. & Sakalli-Uğurlu, N. (2017). Gruplararası ilişkileri düzenlemede sosyal temas kuramları: gruplar arası, yayılmacı ve hayali temas. Nesne, 5(9), 1-31. Retrieved from http://www.nesnedergisi. com/makale/pdf/1466592418.pdf
  • Lauren, F. (2015). Budapest foodies hope cuisine can help heal anti-migrant prejudice. NPR, October 6, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/06/ 445999732/budapest-foodies-hope-cuisine-can-help-heal-anti-migrant-prejudice
  • Leibbrandt, A. & Saaksvuori, L. (2012). Communication in intergroup conflicts. European Economic Review 56, 1136–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.05.003
  • Liebkind, K. M. & Alfred, L. (1999). Extended contact through peer modelling to promote tolerance in Finland. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 765-780. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<765::AID-EJSP958>3.0.CO;2-J
  • McBride, M. (2015). What works to reduce prejudice and discrimination? A review of the evidence. Scottish Government Social Research. Retrieved from https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-reduce-prejudice-discrimination-review-evidence/, retrieved 1.8.2019.
  • McGregor, E. & Nora, R. (2016). The role of culture and the arts in the integration of refugees and migrants. European Expert Network on Culture and Audiovisual (EENCA), Retrieved from https://www.merit. unu.edu/publications/uploads/1473335881.pdf
  • McKeown, S. & Dixon, J. (2017). The ‘contact hypothesis’: Critical reflections and future directions. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(1), [e12295]. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12295
  • Oussedik, S. (2012). Food and cuisine: part of the migration process. Quaderns de la Mediterrània, 17, pp.55-60 Retrieved from https://www.iemed.org/observatori/arees-danalisi/arxius-adjunts/qm-17-originals/qm17Oussedik. pdf-fr/at_download/file
  • Özdemir, E. (2017). Suriyeli mültecilerin Türkiye’deki algıları. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, The Journal of Defense Sciences Mayıs/May 2017, Cilt/Volume 16, Sayı/Issue 1: 115-136. https://doi.org/10.17134/ khosbd. 405253
  • Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49:65–85. https://doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65
  • Pettigrew, T. F. & Tropp L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 90, No. 5, 751–783. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
  • Quadır, S. E. & Kabaklı, L. Ç. (2018). Türk vatandaşlarının Suriyeli sığınmacılarla ilgili görüşleri (Konya ili örneği). Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi,53 (2): 327-345. DOI:10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.18.05.906
  • Sade, G. (2019). Suriyeli sığınmacılara bakış 3 yılda büyük oranda olumsuz yönde değişti, Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/2019/07/29/suriyeli-siginmacilara-bakis-3-yilda-buyuk-oranda-olumsuz-yonde-degisti
  • Sarigil, Z. & Karakoc, E. (2016). Inter-ethnic (In)tolerance betweenTurks and Kurds: Implications for Turkish Democratisation. South European Society and Politics, p. 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 13608746. 2016.1164846
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

H. Bahadır Akın 0000-0003-1352-6338

Yılmaz Seçim 0000-0002-9112-7650

Seyma Akın 0000-0002-2000-2287

Project Number 181222002
Publication Date September 30, 2020
Submission Date August 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 25 Issue: 99

Cite

APA Akın, H. B., Seçim, Y., & Akın, S. (2020). Suriyeli Sığınmacılar ve Barış içinde Birarada Yaşama: Temas Noktası Olarak Yeme İçme Mekânları. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25(99), 125-144. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.786122