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Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezleri Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Geçerli midir?

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 29 - 60, 30.04.2024

Fatoş Akkaya Mümin Atalay Çetin

https://doi.org/10.54558/jiss.1218992

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, 55 gelişmekte olan ülke için çevresel Kuznets eğrisi (EKC) ve kirlilik sığınağı (PHH) hipotezlerinin geçerliliğini test etmektir.
Yöntem: Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde EKC ve PHH hipotezlerinin varlığı statik ve dinamik panel veri teknikleri yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Araştırma 1991-2017 yılları arasındaki verileri kapsamaktadır.
Bulgular: Statik ve dinamik panel veri tahmincilerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik büyüme ile çevre kirliliği arasında bir ilişkinin varlığı saptanmıştır. Benzer şekilde söz konusu ülkelerde doğrudan yabancı yatırımların çevre kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca heterojen panel nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre, kişi başına düşen gelirden, kentsel nüfustan, elektrik tüketiminden ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlardan kişi başına düşen karbondioksit emisyonuna doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde EKC ve PHH hipotezlerinin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın literatüre iki önemli katkıda bulunması beklenmektedir: i. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler paneli için EKC ve PHH hipotezlerin geçerliliğini hem statik hem de gecikmeli etkileri göz önünde bulunduran dinamik panel veri tahmincileri yardımıyla incelemek ve bulguları kıyaslamak, ii. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler paneli için EKC hipotezinin geçerliliğini hem geleneksel yaklaşım hem de uzun ve kısa dönem esnekliklerin kıyaslanması temeline dayanan güncel yaklaşım ile test ederek elde edilen sonuçları karşılaştırmak.

Keywords

Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi Kirlilik sığınağı hipotezi Statik panel veri Dinamik panel veri Gelişmekte olan ülkeler.

References

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Are Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypotheses Valid for Developing Countries?

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 29 - 60, 30.04.2024

Fatoş Akkaya Mümin Atalay Çetin

https://doi.org/10.54558/jiss.1218992

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and pollution haven (PHH) hypotheses for 55 developing countries.
Method: The existence of EKC and PHH hypotheses in developing countries has been examined with the help of static and dynamic panel data techniques. The sample covers the period from 1991 to 2017.
Findings: According to the findings obtained from static and dynamic panel data estimators, there is a relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in developing countries. Similarly, it has been found that foreign direct investments in these countries negatively affect the environmental quality. In addition, according to the heterogeneous panel causality test results, a causality relationship from per capita income, urban population, electricity consumption and foreign direct investments to carbon dioxide emissions per capita was determined.
Implications: It has been reached that the EKC and PHH hypotheses are valid in developing countries.
Originality: This study aimed to make some significant contributions to the existing literature: i. Examining the validity of the EKC and PHH hypotheses for developing countries panel with using static and dynamic panel data estimators to consider both static and lagged effects and allows for comparision, ii. Investigating the validity of the EKC hypothesis for developing countries panel with both the traditional approach based on exponential calculation and the contemporary approach based on a comparison of long and short run elasticities and thus it is aimed to compare the findings.

Keywords

Environmental Kuznets curve Pollution haven hypothesis Static panel data Dynamic panel data Developing countries

References

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  • Ahmad, M., Muslija, A. ve Satrovic, E. (2021). Does economic prosperity lead to environmental sustainability in developing economies? Environmental Kuznets curve theory. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 22588-22601.
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  • Al-Mulali, U. ve Öztürk, İ. (2016). The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1622-1631.
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  • Apergis, N. ve Payne, J. E. (2009). CO2 emissions, energy usage and output in central America. Energy Policy, 37, 3282-3286.
  • Apergis, N. ve Öztürk. İ. (2015). Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Asian countries. Ecological Indicators, 52, 16-22.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
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  • Bakırtaş, İ., Bayrak, S. ve Çetin M. A. (2014). Economic growth and carbon emission: A dynamic panel data analysis. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(4), 91-102.
  • Bakırtaş, İ. ve Çetin, M. A. (2017). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypotheses: MIKTA sample. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(22), 18273-18283.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Ibanez-Luzon, L., Usman, M. ve Shahbaz, M. (2022). The environmental Kuznets curve, based on the economic complexity, and the pollution haven hypothesis in PIIGS countries. Renewable Energy, 185, 1441-1455.
  • Baltagi, B. H., Feng, Q. ve Kao, C. (2012). A lagrange multiplier test for cross-sectional dependence in a fixed effects panel data model. Journal of Econometrics, 170, 164-177.
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  • Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Bruyn, S. M. ve Heniz, R. J. (1999). The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. J. C. J. M. Van den Berg (Ed.), Handbook of environmental and resource economics içinde. UK: Edward Elgar.
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  • Cole, M. A., Rayner, A. J. ve Bates, J. M. (1997). The environmental Kuznets curve: An empirical analysis. Environment and Development Economics, 2(4), 401-416.
  • Cole, M. A. (2004). Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve: Examining the linkages. Ecological Economics, 48(1), 71-81.
  • Çetin, M. A. (2018). Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve and the role of green energy: Emerging and developed markets. International Journal of Green Energy, 15(1), 37-44.
  • Çoban, M. N. ve Özkan, O. (2022a). Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi: Türkiye'de küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyümenin çevre üzerindeki etkisinin yeni dinamik ARDL simülasyon modeli ile incelenmesi. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 9(19), 207-228.
  • Çoban, M. N. ve Özkan, O. (2022b). Türkiye’de enerji tüketimi, ticari açıklık, CO2 emisyonları ve kirlilik sığınağı hipotezi: Yeni dinamik ARDL simülasyonlarından kanıtlar. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 480-507.
  • Dam, M. M., Karakaya, E. ve Bulut, Ş. (2013). Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi ve Türkiye: Ampirik bir analiz. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi EYİ 2013 Özel Sayısı, 85-95.
  • Destek, M. A. ve Sarkodie, S. A. (2019). Investigation of environmental Kuznets curve for ecological footprint: The role of energy and financial development. Science of the Total Environment, 650(2), 2483-2489.
  • Dietzenbacher, E. ve Mukhopadhyay, K. (2007). An empirical examination of the pollution haven hypothesis for India: Towards a green leontief paradox?. Environmental & Resource Economics, 36, 427-449.
  • Dinda, S., Coondoo, D. ve Pal, M. (2000). Air quality and economic growth: An empirical study. Ecologial Economics, 34, 409-423.
  • Doğan, M. (1997). Ulusal çevre eylem planı: Eğitim ve katılım. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
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  • Dünya Bankası (2022b). Foreign direct investment, net. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BN.KLT.DINV.CD
  • Dünya Bankası (2022c). Urban population. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL
  • Enerji Bilgi İdaresi (2022). Electricity. https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research
Authors

Fatoş Akkaya 0000-0002-2137-8980

Mümin Atalay Çetin 0000-0002-0442-8720

Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date December 17, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akkaya, F., & Çetin, M. A. (2024). Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezleri Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Geçerli midir?. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 29-60. https://doi.org/10.54558/jiss.1218992
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