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AKILLI TURİZM UYGULAMALARI

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 85 - 103, 15.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.433831

Abstract



Değişen turist
profili, müşteri memnuniyetinin ve rekabet üstünlüğünün önemi gibi nedenlerle
turizm, teknolojinin doğrudan etkilediği sektörlerden biri olarak ön plana
çıkmaktadır.  Teknolojinin turizmde
yaygın kullanımı sonucunda teknolojiye, kaliteye ve çevreye dayalı yeni bir
yaklaşım olarak akıllı turizmin ortaya çıktığı gözlenmektedir. Literatürde
çeşitli tanımlar olmasına rağmen akıllı turizm kavramı için ortak bir tanımın henüz
oluşmadığı görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, akıllı turizm için yapılan tanımlar ve
açıklamalar doğrultusunda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, akıllı destinasyon
ve akıllı otel ifadelerinin ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Literatür derlemesi
niteliğindeki bu çalışmanın amacı, akıllı turizm kavramına ilişkin literatürü
ve turizm sektöründeki uygulamaları inceleyerek özellikle Türkçe literatüre
katkı sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada
ilk
olarak, literatür detaylı olarak incelenerek; akıllı turizme yönelik
literatürde bulunan farklı tanımlamalara yer verilmiş, literatürde ön plana
çıkan akıllı destinasyon ve akıllı otel kavramları da incelenmiştir. Daha sonra
ise, akıllı turizm kavramının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi amacı ile turizm
sektöründeki akıllı uygulamalara örnekler verilmiş ve akıllı turizm kavramı
güçlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kapsamında değerlendirilen akıllı turizm
tanımlarında daha yoğun olarak mobil uygulamalar, akıllı telefonlar, sosyal
medya ve internet üzerinde durulduğu, çevreci anlayışın göz ardı edildiği
tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışma dâhilinde
incelenen akıllı turizm uygulamalarının, Dünya Turizm Örgütü tarafından yapılan
tanımla uyumlu olduğu ancak akademik yazında çevreye duyarlılığın yeterli
düzeyde vurgulanmadığı tespit edilmiştir.




References

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  • Artık oteller daha akıllı. Erişim Tarihi: 30.04.2018. http://www.bestdergisi.com.tr/arsiv/ yazi/82-artik-oteller-daha-akilli
  • Balakrishnan, A. (2016). Wynn Las Vegas to add Amazon Alexa to all hotel rooms. Erişim Tarihi: 30.04.2018. http://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/14/wynn-las-vegas-to-add-amazon-alexa-to-all-hotel-rooms.html
  • Boes, K., Buhalis, D. ve Inversini, A. (2016). Smart tourism destinations : ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness. International Journal of Tourism Cities. 2(2): 108-124.
  • Boukhechba, M., Bouzouane, A., Gaboury, S., Gouin-Vallerand, C., Giroux, S. ve Bruno, B. (2017). A novel Bluetooth low energy based system for spatial exploration in smart cities. Expert Systems with Applications. 77: 71-82.
  • Brandt, T., Bendler, J. ve Neumann, D. (2017). Social media analytics and value creation in urban smart tourism ecosystems. Information & Management. 54(6): 703-713.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2014). Smart tourism destinations. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism. 553-564.
  • Büyümesini Sürdüren Hilton Worldwide'ın Ekonomi Markası ‘Hilton Garden Inn' İstanbul'da. Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2018. http://www.hilton.com.tr/haberler/buyumesini-surduren-hilton-worldwidein-ekonomi-markasi-‘hilton-garden-inn-istanbulda
  • Caragliu, A., Bo, C.D. ve Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart Cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology. 18(2): 65-82.
  • Chip Online. (2018). Divan İstanbul’da akıllı otel deneyimi yaşanıyor. Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018.https://www.chip.com.tr/haber/divan-istanbulda-akilli-otel-deneyimi-yasaniyor _74904.html
  • Chung, N., Tyan, I. ve Han, H. (2016). Enhancing the smart tourism experience through geotag. Information Systems Frontiers. 19(4): 731-742.
  • Cohen, B. (2012). The smart city wheel. Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2018. https://www.smart-circle.org/smartcity/blog/boyd-cohen-the-smart-city-wheel/
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  • Gökalp, E. ve Eren, E. (2016). Akıllı Teknolojilerin turizm ve otelcilik sektöründe uygulanması, İçinde: Smart Technology & Smart Management: Akıllı Teknoloji & Akıllı Yönetim, Editör: Vahap Tecim, Çiğdem Tarhan, Can Aydın, pp.278-287.
  • Gretzel, U., Zhong, L. ve Koo, C. (2016). Application of smart tourism to cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities. 2(2): 1-4.
  • Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C. ve Lamsfus, C. (2015), Conceptual Foundations for Understanding Smart Tourism Ecosystems. Computers in Human Behaviour. 50: 558-563.
  • Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z. ve Koo, C. (2015). Smart Tourism: foundations and developments. Elekcron Markets. 25: 179-188.
  • Guo, Y., Liu, H. ve Chai, Y. (2014). The embedding convergence of smart cities and tourism internet of things in China: An advance perspective. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR). 2(1): 54-69.
  • Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K. ve Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart Tourism Technologies in Travel Planning: The Role of Exploration and Exploitation. Information & Management, 54(6): 757-770.
  • IQPC. (2017). Achieving Smart Mobility In The UAE By Expo 2020. The 3rd Smart Mobility UAE Forum in 12-14 March 2017 in DUBAI, UAE.
  • Jaremen, D.E., Jędrasiak, M. ve Rapacz, A. (2016). The concept of smart hotels as an innovation on the hospitality industry market - case study of PURO hotel in Wrocław. Economic Problems of Tourism. 36(4): 65-75.
  • Jovicic, D.Z. (2017). From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart tourism destination. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-7, DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2017 .1313203.
  • Kim, H. C. ve Kim, Y.S. (2016). Smart Tourism Information System using Location-based Technology. International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications. 10(11): 11-24.
  • Kim, J.Y., Hlee, S. ve Joun, Y. (2016). Green practices of the hotel industry: Analysis through the windows of smart tourism system. International Journal of Information Management. 36(6): 1340-1349.
  • Kladou, S. ve Mavragani, E. (2015). Assessing destination image: An online marketing approach and the case of TripAdvisor. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4(3): 187-193.
  • Koo, C., Shin, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Chung, N. (2013). Smart Tourism of the Korea : a Case Study. Proceedings of Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. 2013 (PACIS 2013), June 18–22, Jeju, Korea.
  • Lazaroiu, G.C., Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy, 47(1), 326-332.
  • Leppert, J. (2017). Comparing Carnival’s Ocean Medallion versus MSC for Me. Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018. https://www.travelpulse.com/news/cruise/comparing-carnival-s-ocean-medallion-versus-msc-for-me.html
  • Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C. ve Duan, L. (2017). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management. 58: 293-300.
  • Lin, J. (2017). Robots are taking Singapore’s hotel industry by strom – here’s where to go for some robot hospitality. Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018.https://www.businessinsider.sg/robots -are-taking-singapores-hotel-industry-by-storm-heres-where-to-go-for-some-robot-hospitality/
  • Marcellin, F. (2018). 11 new tech features that are transforming cruise ships – including geo-locators for your kids. Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2018. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ travel/cruises/articles/cruise-ship-technology-innovation/
  • Melián- González, S. ve Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2016). A model that connects information technology and hotel performance. Tourism Management. 53: 30-37.
  • Nabben, A., Wetzel, E., Oldani, E., Huyeng, J., Boel, M. ve Fan, Z. (2016). Smart Technologies in Tourism: Case study on the influence of iBeacons on customer experience during the 2015 SAIL Amsterdam event. NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences.
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  • Noone, B. M., McGuire, K. A. ve Rohlfs, K.V. (2011). Social media meets hotel revenue management: Opportunities, issues and unanswered questions. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. 10(4): 293-305.
  • Park, J. H., Lee, C., Yoo, C. ve Nam, Y. (2016). An analysis of the utilization of Facebook by local Korean governments for tourism development and the network of smart tourism ecosystem. International Journal of Information Management. 36(6): 1320-1327.
  • SIEMENS. Premier Partner for Intelligent Infrastructure & Operations. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2018 https://www.siemens.com/mea/en/home/company/topic-areas/ingenuity-for-life/expo-2020-dubai.html
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  • Romão, J. ve Neuts, B. (2017). Territorial capital, smart tourism specialization and sustainable regional development: Experiences from Europe. Habitat International. 68: 64-74.
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  • Skyscanner. (2017). The World’s most hi-tech hotels. Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2018. https://www.skyscanner.net/news/inspiration/the-worlds-most-hi-tech-hotels/
  • Smart Rail World. (2018). Five key technologies set to change rail and metro in 2018. Erişim Tarihi: 30.04.2018. https://www.smartrailworld.com/ticketing/five-key-technologies-set-to-change-rail-and-metro-in-2018
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SMART TOURISM APPLICATIONS

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 85 - 103, 15.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.433831

Abstract

Tourism
is one of the leading sectors which are directly affected by technology due to
the reasons as changing tourist profile, customer satisfaction and competitive
advantage. As a result of the use of technology in Tourism, the concept of
smart tourism has emerged as a new approach based on technology, environment
and quality. Although there are various ‘smart tourism’ definitions in literature,
a common definition is not seen yet. In the direction of the definitions and explanations
of smart tourism, it is seen that information and communication technologies
(ICT), smart destination and smart hotel are the forefront expressions. The
purpose of this study, shaped as literature review, is to investigate both the
different ‘smart tourism’ definitions and the different smart tourism practices
in tourism sector. In this way, it is aimed to make contribution about the
smart tourism concept to the literature, especially Turkish literature. In this
study, first of all, the literature is reviewed in detail and the different
definitions of smart tourism are written as well as the concepts of smart
destination and smart hotel are examined. Then, the technological applications,
evaluated within the scope of smart tourism, in tourism are reviewed and then
smart tourism concept is supported by this concrete data. As a result, it is
determined that the definitions of smart tourism within the scope of ICT is
based on mobile applications, smart phones, social media and internet whereas
environmental understanding is ignored. On the other hand, it is observed that
the smart tourism applications evaluated during the study are in compliance
with the smart tourism definition of World Tourism Organization whereas environmental
sensitivity is not adequately emphasized in academic writing. 




References

  • Açıkbaş, Ö. (2015). Hilton Antakya Müze Otel. TÜRSAB. 114: 10-16.
  • Artık oteller daha akıllı. Erişim Tarihi: 30.04.2018. http://www.bestdergisi.com.tr/arsiv/ yazi/82-artik-oteller-daha-akilli
  • Balakrishnan, A. (2016). Wynn Las Vegas to add Amazon Alexa to all hotel rooms. Erişim Tarihi: 30.04.2018. http://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/14/wynn-las-vegas-to-add-amazon-alexa-to-all-hotel-rooms.html
  • Boes, K., Buhalis, D. ve Inversini, A. (2016). Smart tourism destinations : ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness. International Journal of Tourism Cities. 2(2): 108-124.
  • Boukhechba, M., Bouzouane, A., Gaboury, S., Gouin-Vallerand, C., Giroux, S. ve Bruno, B. (2017). A novel Bluetooth low energy based system for spatial exploration in smart cities. Expert Systems with Applications. 77: 71-82.
  • Brandt, T., Bendler, J. ve Neumann, D. (2017). Social media analytics and value creation in urban smart tourism ecosystems. Information & Management. 54(6): 703-713.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2014). Smart tourism destinations. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism. 553-564.
  • Büyümesini Sürdüren Hilton Worldwide'ın Ekonomi Markası ‘Hilton Garden Inn' İstanbul'da. Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2018. http://www.hilton.com.tr/haberler/buyumesini-surduren-hilton-worldwidein-ekonomi-markasi-‘hilton-garden-inn-istanbulda
  • Caragliu, A., Bo, C.D. ve Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart Cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology. 18(2): 65-82.
  • Chip Online. (2018). Divan İstanbul’da akıllı otel deneyimi yaşanıyor. Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018.https://www.chip.com.tr/haber/divan-istanbulda-akilli-otel-deneyimi-yasaniyor _74904.html
  • Chung, N., Tyan, I. ve Han, H. (2016). Enhancing the smart tourism experience through geotag. Information Systems Frontiers. 19(4): 731-742.
  • Cohen, B. (2012). The smart city wheel. Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2018. https://www.smart-circle.org/smartcity/blog/boyd-cohen-the-smart-city-wheel/
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  • Drummond, M. (2016). 5 Great ways airlines are using internet of things. Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2018. https://w3.accelya.com/blog/5-great-ways-airlines-are-using-the-internet-of-things
  • Etihad. (2018). Sign up to enjoy a smarter and faster airport experience. Erişim Tarihi: 30.04.2018. https://www.etihad.com/tr/promotions/smart-travel-abu-dhabi/
  • GlobalData Technology. (2018). Top 6 technology trends to watch out for in the travel and tourism industry in 2018. Erişim Tarihi: 21.04.2018. https://www.globaldata.com/top-6-technology-trends-watch-travel-tourism-industry-2018/
  • Gökalp, E. ve Eren, E. (2016). Akıllı Teknolojilerin turizm ve otelcilik sektöründe uygulanması, İçinde: Smart Technology & Smart Management: Akıllı Teknoloji & Akıllı Yönetim, Editör: Vahap Tecim, Çiğdem Tarhan, Can Aydın, pp.278-287.
  • Gretzel, U., Zhong, L. ve Koo, C. (2016). Application of smart tourism to cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities. 2(2): 1-4.
  • Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C. ve Lamsfus, C. (2015), Conceptual Foundations for Understanding Smart Tourism Ecosystems. Computers in Human Behaviour. 50: 558-563.
  • Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z. ve Koo, C. (2015). Smart Tourism: foundations and developments. Elekcron Markets. 25: 179-188.
  • Guo, Y., Liu, H. ve Chai, Y. (2014). The embedding convergence of smart cities and tourism internet of things in China: An advance perspective. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR). 2(1): 54-69.
  • Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K. ve Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart Tourism Technologies in Travel Planning: The Role of Exploration and Exploitation. Information & Management, 54(6): 757-770.
  • IQPC. (2017). Achieving Smart Mobility In The UAE By Expo 2020. The 3rd Smart Mobility UAE Forum in 12-14 March 2017 in DUBAI, UAE.
  • Jaremen, D.E., Jędrasiak, M. ve Rapacz, A. (2016). The concept of smart hotels as an innovation on the hospitality industry market - case study of PURO hotel in Wrocław. Economic Problems of Tourism. 36(4): 65-75.
  • Jovicic, D.Z. (2017). From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart tourism destination. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-7, DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2017 .1313203.
  • Kim, H. C. ve Kim, Y.S. (2016). Smart Tourism Information System using Location-based Technology. International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications. 10(11): 11-24.
  • Kim, J.Y., Hlee, S. ve Joun, Y. (2016). Green practices of the hotel industry: Analysis through the windows of smart tourism system. International Journal of Information Management. 36(6): 1340-1349.
  • Kladou, S. ve Mavragani, E. (2015). Assessing destination image: An online marketing approach and the case of TripAdvisor. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4(3): 187-193.
  • Koo, C., Shin, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Chung, N. (2013). Smart Tourism of the Korea : a Case Study. Proceedings of Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. 2013 (PACIS 2013), June 18–22, Jeju, Korea.
  • Lazaroiu, G.C., Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy, 47(1), 326-332.
  • Leppert, J. (2017). Comparing Carnival’s Ocean Medallion versus MSC for Me. Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018. https://www.travelpulse.com/news/cruise/comparing-carnival-s-ocean-medallion-versus-msc-for-me.html
  • Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C. ve Duan, L. (2017). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management. 58: 293-300.
  • Lin, J. (2017). Robots are taking Singapore’s hotel industry by strom – here’s where to go for some robot hospitality. Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2018.https://www.businessinsider.sg/robots -are-taking-singapores-hotel-industry-by-storm-heres-where-to-go-for-some-robot-hospitality/
  • Marcellin, F. (2018). 11 new tech features that are transforming cruise ships – including geo-locators for your kids. Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2018. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ travel/cruises/articles/cruise-ship-technology-innovation/
  • Melián- González, S. ve Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2016). A model that connects information technology and hotel performance. Tourism Management. 53: 30-37.
  • Nabben, A., Wetzel, E., Oldani, E., Huyeng, J., Boel, M. ve Fan, Z. (2016). Smart Technologies in Tourism: Case study on the influence of iBeacons on customer experience during the 2015 SAIL Amsterdam event. NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences.
  • Nearly Zero Energy Hotels (neZEH). Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2017 https://ec.europa.eu /energy/intelligent/projects/en/projects/nezeh#results
  • Noone, B. M., McGuire, K. A. ve Rohlfs, K.V. (2011). Social media meets hotel revenue management: Opportunities, issues and unanswered questions. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. 10(4): 293-305.
  • Park, J. H., Lee, C., Yoo, C. ve Nam, Y. (2016). An analysis of the utilization of Facebook by local Korean governments for tourism development and the network of smart tourism ecosystem. International Journal of Information Management. 36(6): 1320-1327.
  • SIEMENS. Premier Partner for Intelligent Infrastructure & Operations. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2018 https://www.siemens.com/mea/en/home/company/topic-areas/ingenuity-for-life/expo-2020-dubai.html
  • RADİSSON BLU HOTEL & SPA, ISTANBUL. Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2018 https://www.radissonblu.com/tr/hotel-istanbul-tuzla/servislerimiz.
  • Romão, J. ve Neuts, B. (2017). Territorial capital, smart tourism specialization and sustainable regional development: Experiences from Europe. Habitat International. 68: 64-74.
  • Sheckells, M. (2017). 3 Las Vegas hotels with cutting – edge technology. Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2018. http://stories.forbestravelguide.com/3-las-vegas-hotels-with-cutting-edge-technology
  • Skyscanner. (2017). The World’s most hi-tech hotels. Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2018. https://www.skyscanner.net/news/inspiration/the-worlds-most-hi-tech-hotels/
  • Smart Rail World. (2018). Five key technologies set to change rail and metro in 2018. Erişim Tarihi: 30.04.2018. https://www.smartrailworld.com/ticketing/five-key-technologies-set-to-change-rail-and-metro-in-2018
  • Solomon, J. (2014). Robots 'invade' Starwood Hotels. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2018. https://www.cnbc.com/2014/08/12/robots-invade-starwood-hotels.html
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Pınar Yalçınkaya 0000-0002-0706-5785

Lütfi Atay 0000-0003-2598-6227

Ezgi Karakaş 0000-0002-2413-5036

Publication Date October 15, 2018
Submission Date June 13, 2018
Acceptance Date October 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yalçınkaya, P., Atay, L., & Karakaş, E. (2018). AKILLI TURİZM UYGULAMALARI. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy And Travel Research, 2(2), 85-103. https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.433831

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